中文摘要 |
鐮倉時代到南北朝時代,許多的禪僧從中國飄洋過海來到了日本。本論文所提到的明極楚俊[1261-1336]及竺仙梵僊[1292-1348]即為當時的渡來僧,兩位都是出身於明州,於嘉曆四年(1329)搭著同一艘船來到了日本。眾所皆知,他們在圓寂前,分別在不同時期,在日本的禪林扮演了相當大的指導性的角色。兩位渡來僧來到日本之經過原委,竺仙的語錄上皆有紀載。而扮演說服兩位來日的角色的是一位日本僧,名為天岸慧廣[1273-1335]。他的詩集『東歸集』收錄了他帶著明極和竺仙,從中國來到鐮倉的旅程中所寫的詩(偈頌)。而該詩集中有親筆本及印刷本兩種文本。本論文參照了先行研究的成果,對證兩種文本間的作品排列之異同,進而透過相互對照明極和竺仙、其他禪僧的詩或筆跡,以釐清他們實際上是踏上何種旅程來到了日本。並且在此過程中,也會指摘過去為人所知的幾個關於事實的錯誤見解,同時也將透過禪僧的活動來記述鐮倉幕府滅亡前一晚的歷史狀況。
Many Zen monks came to Japan from China during the Kamakura and Nanbokuchoh era. Minki-Soshun [1261-1336] and Jikusen-Bonsen [1292-1348], who I refer in this paper, were also one such monks. And the two, who came to Japan on the same ship in 1329, played a major role in Japan's Zen society until they passed away. Regarding the historical situation that resulted in two people coming to Japan, as indicated in Jikusen's analects, one Japanese Zen monk who played a role in persuading the two visiting to Japan was the Tengan-Ekoh [1273-1335]. His literary work "Tohkishu" is a collection of poems made in the itinerary that he took Minki and Jikusen to go to Kamakura, Japan from China. The text has two versions, one is his handwriting text, the other is printed text. This paper examines the differences in the arrangement of poems between two texts, referring to the results of the previous research and contrast with Minki, Jikusen and others poetry and products of calligraphy, and clarifies which route they actually traveled through. And in this paper, I point out errors related to some facts that have been known hitherto, and describe the historical situation in the immediately before the Kamakura Shogunate collapsed, through the movements of Zen monks. |