蘭嶼人的地方依附：從傳統空間到現代空間？

The place attachment of Tao: from traditional space to modern space?

2017年9月，蘭嶼的第二間7-11開幕，但卻已不如三年前第一間進駐時引發熱烈討論。不變的是，其影響始終像筆者開始進行田野調查時一樣，令不少在地人甚至外界存疑。本研究透過日漸消失的「涼台」，此一達悟傳統地下屋中，用以社交、休憩、進行夏日活動的主要場所，作為本研究的主體，並提出下列研究問題：蘭嶼居民的地方依附是否正由傳統空間轉變到現代空間？倘若是，其調適策略與實際行動為何？研究中嘗試以涼台作為兩種空間的橋樑，並從蘭嶼人的自述中尋求解答。方法上以Scannell建構的三元架構作為地方依附理論之基礎，分別對蘭嶼耆老、中年人進行半結構深度訪談；並與蘭嶼高中生進行焦點團體訪談，再利用主題分析法歸納共同主題後加以解釋，以理解現今蘭嶼人對於空間的情感認同與功能依賴，凸顯消費網絡在現代性的催生下漸趨頻繁且複雜，已成為聯繫或分離人地關係的重要途徑。研究結果顯示，地方依附的理論可更關注「時序性」及「對兩種（或以上）空間的依附產生的衝突」。今日的蘭嶼已成為台灣熱門的觀光消費地點，卻也在過程中陷於資本競爭的桎梏，或是引發文化詮釋權的爭議。本研究的目的，乃了解蘭嶼居民世代間的價值觀轉變與調適策略，進而釐清其生活方式與選擇。研究中將兩種看似性質相異卻同時存在於現今蘭嶼的空間，放置於時間脈絡觀察當地居民對兩種空間的地方依附，深入剖析的達悟文化轉變、社會結構變遷的歷程，以及人們對於空間意義詮釋的複雜性。

July, 2014, the issue of the convenient store which was open became the point that newspaper, media, internet focus on. The key point of the controversy is how do Lanyu residents strike a balance between economic development and environmental sustainability, when modernization becomes inevitable, enterprises and consumptive culture enter to be stationed in. Disappearing 'Magarang', the principle place that Tao used to rest, to social connect and to do summer activities, as a traditional-undergrounded house, is chosen to be a main part in this research. The researcher raises the following issue: Whether the place attachment of residents in Lanyu changing from traditional spaces to modern places? If it is. And what is the way for adjusting and action in the process? This research view the social structure as a dynamic process and find the answer through locals' dictation. About research methods, taking Scannell's tripartite approach as a foundational theory and divide it into 2 parts. First, having in-depth interview with senior and adults in Lanyu. Second, having focus group interviewing with students in Lanyu senior high school. Then, using thematic analysis to pick up the common topics and interpret the results. In this way, we can be clear about how residents put their emotional attachment and functional dependence on space, and realize consumptive network has become more frequent and complex to contact or divide man-land relationship in modernity. Nowadays, Lanyu becomes a hot tourist attraction, besides, guesthouses and tourism has been developed flourishingly in this island over the policy. However, the debates of cultural annotation and the fetters of capital competition happened in this course. The purpose of study is to understand Lanyu residents' intergenerational value change and adaptions though the discussion of local emotion, cognition and behaviors on top of place attachment; further clarify local life style and choices. Make locals well recognized by audience - to place an open space on discussion while cultural transformation and give a reference to local decision makers for future planning.