唐玄宗的內官改制及其「三妃」考

The Research on the Change of Emperor Xuanzong's Rank of Imperial Consorts and His Three Concubines

唐代內官制度中，皇后之下，有貴妃、淑妃、德妃、賢妃各一位，為正一品。大抵至唐亡為止，內官制度並沒有太大的變化。唐高宗時，曾在四妃之上，為武則天另設「宸妃」，但此封號遭到大臣反對，終唐一朝僅武則天有此封號，而原本的四妃也並不因宸妃之立而有所更動。唐玄宗初期，仍維持一后四妃的制度，後因寵愛武惠妃之故，將一后四妃改為一后三妃，封號也與從前截然不同，最後卻仍回歸於最初的一后四妃。本文將整理唐玄宗於開元年間「內官改制」之經過，並探究武惠妃、趙麗妃、劉華妃這「三妃」的相關事蹟。 The rank of imperial consorts system in Tang Dynasty, under the Empress, there were four concubines which were Guifei, Shufei, Defei and Xianfei. Basically, the rank of imperial consorts system didn't have big change before the end of Tang Dynasty. During Emperor Gaozong's reign, he had created a title ”Chenfei” for Wu Zetian. The position of Chenfei was above the four concubines . However, the title of Chenfei were opposed by Ministers. Therefore, Wu Zetian was the only one had the title of Chenfei in Tang Dynasty. Moreover, the position of four concubines didn't change because of Chenfei. In the early reign of Emperor Xuanzong, the rank of imperial consorts remained the system of one Empress and four princesses. Afterwards, due to Empor Xuanzong doted on Wu Huifei, he changed the one empress and four concubines system to one empress and three concubines. Also, the titles were changed to be totally different than before. However, finally the system still returned to the original one as one empress and four concubines. The purpose of this paper is research on the course of Empor Xuanzong changed of the rank of imperial consorts during Kaiyuan Era and the related stories of three concubines - Wu Huifei, Zhao Lifei, and Liu Huafei.