鐵板一塊——中高齡婦女勞動參與的自我和環境防禦現象

An Iron Plate–Self and Environmental Defense of Labor Participation among Middle-Aged and Older Women

台灣面臨少子化和人口高齡，勞動力明顯日益減少情況，中高齡婦女長期以來的低勞動參與率近來再被提出檢視，但幾項統計僅能大略知曉中高齡婦女的勞動參與率與其他年齡層的數字差距。此外，政府統計數字或年度調查雖有涉及中高齡婦女不參與勞動的原因，但原因之詢問僅聊備一格，難以一窺中高齡婦女回覆不參與原因背後的深層因素的關係結構。本研究目的在藉由2014年與2016年兩次中高齡婦女有關參與勞動調查研究所蒐集之座談與深度訪談逐字稿，並以核心自我評價的理論觀點出發，透過紮根理論的研究方法，分析中高齡婦女進入勞動市場的阻礙因素。

Due to Taiwan's aging society and low birth-rate, labor force shortage is an obvious issue. Lower labor participation rate among middle-aged and older women is continuously reviewed as well. However, statistics can only show a general information for the gap of the labor participation rate between middle-aged and older women and the other age groups. In addition, although statistics and annual surveys announced by the government address the reasons behind the middle-aged and older women who choose to not be involved in work, it is hard to discover the deeper reason and cause and effect of their choice to not participate. The purpose of this study is to discuss the relationship among the factors that discourage older women to enter the labor market. Research data include transcripts of interviews and focus groups from two surveys in 2014 and 2016. Literature review was based on the theory of core self-evaluation which was also the focus of retreating the concepts for the results. The research applied grounded theory to analyze data.