晚明衛所與州縣關係探研——以泗州衛月糧為線索

The Relations between Prefectures and Weisuos in the late Ming dynasty-A Case Study of Sizhou Wei's Yueliang

晚明衛所月糧的普遍短缺不僅損害了軍士的利益，也影響了衛所與州縣的關係。在多方面因素的影響下，晚明泗州衛月糧久缺，並與泗州產生了諸多衝突。有別於傳統的晚明衛所、軍戶地位低下的認識，在與泗州各類衝突中，泗州衛佔有明顯優勢，呈現出軍強民弱的狀態，打破了衛所與州縣間舊有的平衡。針對出現的問題，朝廷與泗州曾試圖整改，但均未能奏效。而這種與傳統認識不同的軍、民關係狀態並非泗州獨有，鳳陽也存在類似的情況。

The lack of Yueliang in late Ming dynasty was not only harmful to the interests of soldiers, but also affected the relations between the prefectures of Weisuos. Owing to various reasons, Sizhou Wei was suffering Yueliang shortage in Late Ming dynasty and had many conflicts with Sizhou. Different from traditional understandings that weisuos had a low status in late Ming dynasty, in all kinds of conflicts, Sizhou Wei had clear advantages, reflecting that Sizhou Wei was more powerful than Sizhou, and had broken the balance of power between Sizhou Wei and Sizhou. The court and Sizhou had tried to solve the problems but failed. This type of relation between prefectures and Weisuos in late Ming dynasty was not unique, Fengyang had a similar situation.