客家戲曲的發展與藝術教育

The Development of Hakka Opera in Relation to Art Education

台灣客家戲曲是百餘年前，客家先民由中國大陸帶來的採茶小戲，歷經清朝、日治以迄光復，隨著社會變遷，逐步發展出以張三郎賣茶的故事為代表的三腳採茶及到後來成為台灣獨一無二的改良客家大戲。從廟會野台到藝術展演中心，客家大戲今日已躋身國家藝術殿堂與國際舞台，是客家族群乃至華人重要的文化藝術瑰寶之一，並已登錄我國非物質文化遺產永久保存。然而，綜觀我國教育體制與教育內涵，「人文與藝術」裡藝術教育所占比重，原已不高；「藝術教育」中傳統藝術、傳統戲曲的份量更是微小；「傳統戲曲」項下能夠給予「客家戲曲」的更是微乎其微矣！探究我國藝術教育，國中小學「藝術與人文」是扎根重心，為延續客家戲曲在台灣的發展，融入藝術教育課程作為藝術奠基與開拓欣賞人口之道，是可行與必要措施；未來倘若能將客家戲曲納入「藝術與人文」課程與師資中，將可充實藝術教育內涵，豐富藝術教育師資，促使藝術教育發展更多元且健全。

Taiwan’s Hakka opera originated from China more than 100 years ago. The Hakka ancestors brought the tea show to Taiwan. Over the span of the Qing Dynasty and Japanese rules until the restoration of Taiwan after Word War II， the Hakka opera restarted as the “Zhang San-Lang selling Tea Story.” Along with the subsequent social change， Hakka opera gradually developed from the representative of the “San chiao tsai cha” to one of the Taiwan’s unique enhancement of the contemporary Hakka opera. From performing on the open-air small stage outside of a temple to formal performance at the art center， Hakka opera today has been transformed to be qualified for performing in the national art hall and the international art center. Originated from the Hakka ethnic groups， Hakka opera is one of the important cultural and artistic treasures. It has registered for permanent preservation of Taiwan’s intangible cultural heritage. However， Taiwan's current education system and education policy on humanities and art is limited in resources， compared to other areas. Consequently， Hakka opera entitles much less attention in this regard. To promote art education within the framework of “art and humanities”， the art education should be adopted in curricula of the secondary school. In this manner， Hakka opera can be integrated with the art education curricula for better promotion. In addition， certification of Hakka opera teachers should be implemented so as to substantially enrich the contents of ＂Art and Humanities＂ curricula in the long run.