大學校院電機及電子工程系所安全文化

Safety Culture in Electrical and Electronic Engineering Departments at Taiwanese Universities

本文針對挖掘機執行吊掛作業之結構設計進行探討，先進國家已通過使用挖掘機進行吊掛作業之相關法規，而且挖掘機在營造工地用於物料吊運有其必要性及實用性。為了避免挖掘機發生翻覆或結構發生永久性的破壞，需從工程技術的觀點探討挖掘機實施吊掛作業之安全基準，本文以分析方法初步探討挖掘機吊掛作業之力學特性及構造強度，由挖掘機工作空間之機構分析，得到其大臂、小臂及鏟斗重心位置在不同姿態下之改變，進而求得其不同姿態下單位吊掛重量之內力及內力矩，以及翻覆力矩對應之臨界吊掛重量，將內力及內力矩代入大臂及小臂的有限元素模型進行應力分析，得到機器結構之材料強度所能承受的吊掛重量限界，本文未考慮風荷重、慣性力、衝擊負荷以及油壓缸能力，經此初步探討得到吊重能力在大部分區域內，機器傾覆先於結構破壞，但鄰近機器的某些區域傾覆比結構破壞有較大的吊掛能力，此外，本文也將分析結果與挖掘機製造商所提供之吊掛能力相互比較，試圖以本文模擬結果分析廠商的數據。

This study aims at developing the model of group-level safety culture. It investigates the interactions between organizational and individual factors that affect group safety culture. The empirical data come from a simple random sample survey of 373 teachers in electrical and electronic engineering departments at 70 universities in Taiwan. The survey took the self-administered questionnaires, and was conducted. An exploratory factor analysis finds four factors in the safety culture scale: basic assumptions, artifacts, perceived risks and emergency response, and commitment to safety. A confirmatory factor analysis is used to check the model. The model is acceptable after slight modification, producing a reliable and valid scale for measuring safety culture. A two-way MANOVA indicates interaction effects on safety culture between (a) the presence of a full-time safety manager and the type of laboratory; and (b) the presence of a safety committee and the age, gender and academic rank of faculty members. Therefore, differences in perceptions of safety culture among university faculty vary according to institutional factors at their university. As a contribution to the development of a positive safety culture, the authors make some recommendations for improvement at universities without safety managers or safety committees.