商業生態系統理論在學校本位特色課程發展的應用

The Application of Business Ecosystem on the Management Strategies of School-based Featured Curriculum

「商業生態系統」係以生態系統思維探究系統參與者彼此互動競合關係的理論，對同具生態系統特性之學校經營與發展而言，有其可資借鏡與轉化應用的參考價值。本文旨在探討商業生態系統理論觀點於中小學學校本位特色課程經營策略上的應用，係採思辨性視角探究既有理論和實務，參照Iansiti和Levien的策略觀點，論析學校教育專業人員、團體與組織在校本特色課程發展生態系統的角色定位，並提出兩類相應可行的策略作為――若具備足夠專業能耐及主導權責者，可採取拱心石角色的策略作為；反之，則可採取利基者角色的策略作為。

Business ecosystem is based on exploring the cooperative and competitive relationships among participants with ecosystem thinking. Although school belongs to non-profit organization， it still shares the same features as business organization; which means the interactions among various participants and the evolving ecosystem. Therefore， it’s valuable to apply the business ecosystem theories onto school management. This study aims to explore the application of business ecosystem on the management of school-based featured curriculum for secondary and elementary schools in Taiwan. The strategic thinking and operational practice of new perspectives are provided based on the critical reflection on existing theories and practices. The main results are as follows: If school education professionals， groups or organizations are equipped with sufficient professional capability and authority in the school-based featured curriculum development ecosystem， it is recommended to be a “keystone” role. Conversely， it is suggested to be a “niche player” role.