對應於歐洲共同架構的華語詞彙量

The Study of the Vocabulary Size at the CEFR Levels for CFL/CSL Learners

本文先從外語詞彙學習文獻入手，檢視英語詞彙量的研究，再從文本覆蓋率、教學與認知學習等方向來探討漢語詞彙量和歐洲共同架構（CEFR）之間的關係。筆者建構了一個學習者語料庫－－內容取自以CEFR為架構的電腦華語寫作能力考試，分析現階段113萬字語料，根據語料覆蓋率概念，並參考華語教材與學習之間的關係，初步建議對應於CEFR等級的漢語詞彙量：A2約1000個詞；B1是2300-3000個詞；B2是4500-5000個詞。至於C級詞彙量，則限於考試寫作語料庫C級語料不足，加入外籍學生手寫作文語料統計，估計C級詞彙量介於8000到10000個詞之間。

The study aims to explore the relationship between the vocabulary size and learners' Chinese proficiency based on the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR, Council of Europe, 2001) six levels. The research method is corpus-based. The source of the corpus is mainly from the computer-based writing Test of Chinese as a Foreign Language (TOCFL) which is designed according to the CEFR. So far, the learner corpus consists of more than 1 million Chinese characters from A2 to C1 levels. The paper discusses the question from the aspects of text coverage calculation, wordlists of teaching materials and cognitive learning. The results suggest the vocabulary size for A2 level is 1000; B1 level is 2300-3000; B2 level is 4500-5000; C level is 8000-10000.