職業經理人素質測評系統研究

A Study on Capability-Assessment for Managers

職業經理人是指「運用全面的經營管理知識和豐富的管理經驗，獨立對一個經濟組織（或一個部門）開展經營或進行管理」的企業經營管理人員。本研究以職業經理人的崗位特點為基礎，通過文獻分析、專家訪談、問卷調查等方法，確定了職業經理人素質結構的理論模型，包括基本潛能、核心能力、個性三大模組。其中基本潛能包括語言能力、數位運算能力、邏輯推理能力、資料分析能力、機械推理能力、空間關係能力；核心能力包括學習能力、創新能力、溝通能力、問題解決能力、合作能力、資訊處理能力；個性包含15 個要素。在理論模型的基礎上，組織專家組按照測驗編製的原則和流程，進行了量表編製工作，研製了相應的「職業經理人素質測評系統」。利用「職業經理人素質測評系統」對486 名被試進行了測試。正式測驗的資料進行統計分析，結果表明：（1）素質測評系統中81.3％的測驗專案其區分度在.30 以上，顯示出了良好的鑑別力；（2）素質測評系統的信度分析表明，大部分測驗的重測信度、內在一致性信度係數較好；（3）效度研究表明，素質測評系統的內容效度、結構效度和實證效度較好；（4）素質測評系統的驗證性因素分析表明，由基本潛能（包括語言能力、數位運算能力和邏輯推理能力）、核心能力（包括學習能力、創新能力、溝通能力、問題解決能力、合作能力、資訊處理能力）及個性（包括個性品質1、個性品質2、性格特徵1 和性格特徵2）構成的職業經理人素質結構模型與實測資料擬合良好；（5）對在實際經營管理活動中表現水準不同的79 名被試的測試結果進行差異檢驗，結果表明不同類別的被試具有顯著的差異。本研究結果表明，本研究中所開發的《職業經理人素質測評系統》所包含素質指標是評價職業經理人的一些重要的關鍵指標，而各測驗量表也可以有效地將被試的相應素質進行客觀、準確的測評，同時本系統還制定了青島市的常模標準。所以，本測評系統可以應用於職業經理人的實際選拔、評估與培訓工作。

Managers in this article refer to people who could manage an economic organization or a department with their knowledge and experiences in management. This study is carried out based on the position characteristics of managers, through literature analysis, interviews with professionals, as well as surveys. The final competency model for managers includes three parts: aptitudes, capabilities, and personalities. Aptitudes refer to the factors of verbal comprehension, mathematical computation, logical reasoning, data analysis, spatial relations envisaging, and mechanical reasoning. Capabilities refer to the factors of learning ability, creativity, interpersonal communication, problem-solving, cooperation, information-processing. Personality includes fifteen items. The test system for managers is made under the discussion of several professionals with the direction of competency model. Then, 486 candidates took apart in the assessment. Results are as follows: (1) the discrimination for 81.3% items is above 0.30; (2) Most tests are made with good reliability; (3) The system also has good validity; (4) Confirmation factor analysis showed that the goodness of fit for the system is perfect; (5) It also showed that there are significant differences among 79 test takers for different kinds of objects. All the evidences showed that the dimensions included in the system are key ones to evaluate managers. Meanwhile, the system could discriminate well different kinds of candidates. As a result, this system could be put into practice in the areas of recruitment, training, as well as assessment.