糖尿病腎病變患者的護理

Nursing Care of Patients with Diabetic Nephropathy

在台灣，糖尿病是導致末期腎病變最常見的原因。良好的血糖、血壓及飲食控制可減少蛋白尿的發生與進展，延緩腎功能變差而減少洗腎發生。故如何有效的控制腎病變的進展及病情惡化，除了醫師、營養師外，護理人員也扮演很重要的角色。故本篇文章將依糖尿病腎病變患者發展成末期腎病變前所遇到的護理問題，例如：高危險性傷害、體液容積過量、營養狀況改變：少於身體需求、高危險性皮膚完整性受損、高危險性感染及焦慮等，深入探討其護理處置，以提供護理人員對糖尿病腎病變的照護有更多的了解與認識，使得病患獲得最好的護理照護，進而減少末期腎病變的發生而增加其生活品質。

In Taiwan, the diabetes was the most common reason for the end stage renal disease. Controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and diet may reduce the proteinuria and delay kidney exacerbation and thus reduce hemodialysis. Therefore, how to control kidney function effectively and delay the aggravation of disease has become an important task for nursing staff. This article introduced the nursing cares of patients with diabetic nephropathy, for example, risk for injury, fluid volume excess, altered nutrition: less than body requirements, risk for impaired skin integrity, risk for infection, and anxiety, etc. It provided the nursing staff with the knowledge of caring patients with diabetic nephropathy, so that the progress to development of end stage renal disease can be delayed and patient’s quality of life can be improved.