短期連續高強度運動訓練會降低運動員B淋巴球的數目與功能

Decrease in the counts and function of B lymphocytes after a short-term consecutive high intensive exercise training

選手賽前密集的高強度訓練常是導致比賽期免疫功能低下的原因。目的：本研究試圖以模擬賽前訓練模式，在跑步機上作連續高強度的原地跑步運動，目的在於了解分泌抗體的血球細胞－Ｂ淋巴球－的功能是否受到累積性影響。方法：本研究以12名（年齡23.5±4.9yrs、身高172.5±5.7cm、體重63.9±2.4kg、最大氧攝取量70.4±4.7ml／kg／min）長跑選手為受試對象，分別以個案之最大氧攝取量的85%V.O2max運動強度，連續3天於跑步機上跑30分鐘。分別於跑前三天（D1）、第一（D1’）、第二（D2’）及第三天（D3’）跑後立即、跑後24小時（24hrs）及72小時（72hrs）各採20ml全血作比較，追蹤訓練期Ｂ淋巴球數量及分泌抗脂多醣免疫球蛋白G（anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G,anti-LPS IgG）功能的改變及恢復情形。結果：研究發現B淋巴球數於每次跑後皆顯著下降，於跑後24小時得到回復，B淋巴球分泌anti-LPS IgG的功能在第一天跑後迅速下降，第二天及第三天跑後皆顯著上升，恢復期24及72小時皆未回到訓練前水準。顯示連續性高強度運動訓練模式使B淋巴球數量減降，但抑制情形都不超過24小時，反而是B淋巴球分泌anti-LPS IgG的功能於恢復期呈現持續性抑制。結論：連續高強度運動訓練造成B淋巴球數量與功能的改變兩者之間沒有直接的關係，但B淋巴球分泌抗體的功能發生累積抑制之影響，這很可能與運動中產生的細胞激素和內毒素有關。建議教練對於賽前集訓期的訓練計劃應注意強度的調控、持續時間以及連續型訓練，以避免連續型訓練造成的累積性疲勞。

It is know that immunosuppression is induced by high-intensity training before a competition. Purpose : This study was designed to try to understand if the function of B cells which secrete antibodies is continually affected by a simulated training model. Methods : Twelve subjects, aged 23.5 ± 4.9 yr, with a height of 172.5 ± 5.7 cm, a weight of 63.9 ± 2.4 kg, and a V.O2max of 70.4 ± 4.7 ml/kg/min, participated in this study. Blood samples of 20 ml were collected from each of the subjects who had consecutively performed 3 days of high-intensity exercise (at 85 % V.O2 max) on the following schedule : 3 days before exercise (D1), after the 1st day of exercise (D1'), after the 2nd day of exercise, after the 3rd day of exercise (D3'), 24 h after the 3rd day of exercise (24 h), and 3 days after the 3rd day of exercise (72 h). Analysis helped us to determine the shift and recovery state of B lymphocytes which had secreted anti-LPS IgG during training. Results : The numbers of B lymphocytes decreased after each running but had recovered after 24 h. The amount of anti-LPS IgG which is a reflection of the function of B lymphocytes showed a decrease after the 1st day of exercise, but increased after the 2nd and 3rd days of exercise to a level higher than that at the beginning of training, then decreased to the lowest level by 24 and persisted to 72 h later, which suggests that the numbers of B lymphocyte present might not reflect the activities of B lymphocytes. Conclusion : The accumulative inhibitory effect on the function of B lymphocytes may be induced by cytokines and endotoxins entering the systemic circulation after consecutive high-intensity training. Coaches should note the intensity, duration, and exercise model of training programs during the training period to prevent immunosuppression caused by accumulated fatigue after consecutive high-intensity training.