韓國高中平準化政策之研究   全文下載

High School Equalization Policy in Korea

本文以透過文獻分析的方式，探討韓國中等教育的發展與改革以及高中平準化政策的發展背景與實施過程，雖然該政策本身仍存在問題，如剝奪學生受教權與學生素質下降等，但其發展過程的經驗仍值得刻正在推動十二年國教政策的臺灣作為借鑑。韓國與臺灣皆為追求升學率，導致學生課業壓力沉重，放學後參加課外輔導班補習的狀況十分普遍。而過高的補習班費用(韓國稱作「私教育費」)，更導致很多經濟弱勢家庭無法負荷。結果產生教育不均的階級分化現象。有鑒於此，1974年韓國推行了高中平準化政策，目標為「促進公共教育正常化，減少私教育費」，然而政策推行幾十年來，贊成方認為，政策對於教育資源不均導致的社會階級分化能有積極的防止作用；而反對方則認為，政策某種程度上是剝奪了學生的選擇教育權，學校教育無法滿足學生家長對於個性化與特色化教育的需求，扼殺有優秀潛質的學生快速成功的機會。韓國高中平準化政策的實施，某種程度上消除了初中生為了報考一流高中的激烈考試競爭，使初中教育正常化，亦使許多高中學校的資源設備與教職員師逐漸均衡發展，而稍稍緩解地區內學校階級分化以及部分學生課外補習的狀況。

The purpose of this paper is not only to explore the development and reform of Korea secondary education, but process of High School Equalization Policy in Korea. Although there are problems in this policy, such as depriving students' right of education and low quality of students, but its development process and experience is still worth to learn by Taiwan government which is practicing 12 years education. South Korea and Taiwan are pursuing promotion rate, resulting in heavy pressure on students' academic. Situation of participate in after school tutoring classes is very common. High tutoring costs (Korea called "private education fees") led a lot of disadvantaged families in economically cannot afford, to create a differentiation phenomenon of uneven education class. For this reason, Korea government launched High School Equalization Policy in 1974 for that promote normalization of public education, reduce private education fees. However, in decades, the, pros consider that implementation of the policy had an active preventing effect uneven educational resources from social class differentiation. Cons consider that the policy take students' right of choice of education, school education cannot meet the demand of parents for the education of personalized features, may delete opportunities of students who have gift can fast success. The implementation of the policy for decades, in favor of the opinion that the policy of educational resources uneven social class to have an active role in preventing differentiation; opposition party that policy to some extent is deprived of the choice of the right to education of the students, school education cannot meet the demand of parents for the education of personalized features, stifle students with outstanding potential quickly the chances of success. Implementation of high school education policy in Korea, for some perspectives, eliminates intense examination competition for entry to the first-class high school. Normalize junior high school education to balance equipments, resources and academic staff of high school. The policy also relieved situation of school level differentiation in region and after school tutoring.