運動幼苗的守護神：臺灣校園運動防護員的跨域專業實作

Guardians of Young Athletes: Interdisciplinary Professional Practices of Campus Athletic Trainers in Taiwan

近年來運動風氣在臺灣日益興盛，運動防護員逐漸出現在各種場域，幫助人們遠離運動傷害。2013年教育部體育署開始試辦校園運動防護計畫，臺灣符合資格的高級中等學校可以聘用校園運動防護員，負責學生運動員之傷害處理與預防、運動環境安全監控和運醫專業轉介等，希望讓運動防護向下紮根。然而，我發現這些具有跨域背景的運動防護工作者，卻也受制於工作劃界的模糊性，致使我好奇：臺灣校園運動防護員如何運用跨域專業從事防護實作，並與其他行動者協作？
本文以兩位關鍵報導人的運動防護室和隨隊現場為田野地，以研究者身分進行參與觀察，輔以檔案與文本分析，以及運動防護專業相關行動者之深度訪談。首先、我觀察到校園運動防護員大多是由具運動資歷者組成，他們對運動的熱愛和勞動現場的拉力，吸引他們來到基層端工作。且他們要發揮運動防護專業與運動團隊建立信任關係，才能進入勞動現場，改善學生運動員與傷共處之常態現象。其次、本研究分析校園運動防護員之防護實作，指出他們經由運動防護空間、工具及制度的應用，得以奠定實作之基礎，再透過差異化照護和運動傷害預防落實運動防護。最後、我提出跨域中介之概念，描繪校園運動防護員如何跨足不同行動者，對內協助運動團隊成員溝通與互動；對外幫助運動團隊與運醫專業協作，進行資源轉介和專業術語轉譯。
本研究發現校園運動防護員透過專業化養成、個人運動經驗，以及勞動過程中做中學、學中做的技巧，培養出實作所需的跨域專業。在此跨域防護實作下，勞動者得以運用劃界工作樹立專業性，達到維護選手健康之目標，也會適時模糊化自身的專業界線，以開展跨域之間的協作。結論則針對當前的校園運動防護計畫和相關政策提出建議，並闡述研究限制和未來展望。

In recent years, sports have been gaining popularity in Taiwan, leading to a growing number of athletic trainers across various disciplines who are dedicated to helping people prevent sports injuries. In 2013, the Sports Administration of the Ministry of Education began a pilot program of campus athletic training, allowing qualified high schools in Taiwan to hire campus athletic trainers. These trainers are responsible for handling and preventing injuries among student-athletes, monitoring sports environment, and coordinating with other sports medicine professionals to facilitate access to specialized care, hoping to establish a solid foundation for athletic training. However, I found that having interdisciplinary backgrounds often limits them due to the ambiguity of boundary work. This led me to investigate: how they can effectively leverage their interdisciplinary advantages and improve collaboration with other professionals to provide a more integrated and effective approach to sports protection and injury management?
This study designates two key informants’athletic training rooms and the competition areas as the field sites. I conducted participant observation by revealing my researcher’s identity, supplemented with analysis of documents and texts, and in-depth interviews with relevant professionals in sports protection. First, I have observed campus athletic trainers are primarily composed of individuals with athletic backgrounds. Their passion for sports, coupled with the attraction of the labor field, draws them to work at the campus. They also need to utilize their athletic training profession to build trust with sports teams, thereby gaining access to their workplaces and improving the common phenomenon of student athletes coexisting with injuries. Moreover, I analyze the practices of campus athletic trainers, highlighting how they are able to establish the foundation for practical implementation through the application of athletic training spaces, tools, and systems. By further applying differentiated care and injury prevention, they effectively realize sports protection. Finally, I outline the concept of interdisciplinary intermediary, demonstrating the way campus athletic trainers bridge different actors. Internally, they assist in communication and interaction among sports team members; externally, they facilitate collaboration between sports teams and sports medicine professionals, enabling resource referrals and the translation of professional terminology.
Overall, this study reveal that campus athletic trainers develop the interdisciplinary expertise for the practice through professionalization, personal sport experiences, as well as learning-by-doing and learning-by-doing skills in the labor process. In this interdisciplinary practice, the workers are able to use the boundary work to establish their professionalism, achieve the goal of protecting the athletes’health, and blur the their own professional boundaries to reach interdisciplinary collaborations in a timely manner. As for the conclusion, I provide suggestions for the current program of campus athletic training and related policies, describing research limitations and future perspectives.