This study adopts Trauma-Informed Care (TIC) as its theoretical framework to investigate medical social workers’ workplace trauma, self-care processes, and organizational support within clinical and institutional contexts. Using qualitative interviews with seven medical social workers from regional hospitals and medical centers, the study proposes three key findings. First, workplace trauma results not from isolated incidents but from the long-term accumulation of multiple risks, including role marginalization, institutional oppression, and emotional labor. Second, self-care involves three dimensions, including awareness, regulation, and boundary-setting, sustained through strategies such as exercise, mindfulness, and social support. Third, organizations practicing TIC’s six core principles can effectively mitigate trauma impact; their absence may lead to institutional trauma. The study recommends strengthening emotional management and self-awareness training in professional education, and fostering trauma-informed organizational cultures through group supervision and employee support mechanisms.