In the dual context of advancing Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the rapid evolution of generative AI technologies, higher education faces the challenges of curriculum transformation and enhancing ESG literacy. This study implements a Project Based Learning (PjBL) model in a public relations strategy course, structured in three advancing stages: the Cognitive Construction stage, which guides students to grasp the theoretical context of ESG and the foundations of brand sustainability; the Strategic Practice stage, where students explore tasks in groups, experiencing multiple rounds of prompt iterations and mid-term feedback corrections through human-AI collaboration; and the Achievement Presentation stage, which involves completing ESG brand proposals, followed by public presentations and learning reflections. By incorporating a real-world industry proposition—“the Foodpanda and RE-THINK ESG cross-industry collaboration PR task”—the study guided students to utilize three tools (ChatGPT, ADGo, and OpView). This PjBL teaching model was designed to enhance students’ performance across three dimensions: ESG literacy, AI tool application and collaboration, and the internalization of ESG issues. This study adopted a mixed-methods approach to evaluate the research design, analyzing data and corpora through quantitative questionnaires and qualitative feedback. The results indicated that students’ ESG understanding and practical abilities both improved, and their internalization of ESG issues was generally enhanced. Although quantitative gains in AI application abilities were not statistically significant, qualitative findings revealed a shift from tool operation to a partner-oriented mindset, demonstrating preliminary awareness of critical and creative application. This study attempts to construct a practical model for a sustainable communication course that combines industry-academia collaboration, task implementation, and AI collaboration, providing a reference experience for future higher education initiatives promoting ESG education and integrated AI applications.