幼托整合政策對幼兒園治理的現況、侷限與因應策略：城鄉差異的觀點分析

The Impact of Early Childhood Education and Care Integration Policy on Kindergarten Governance: A Perspective of Urban-Rural Differences

本研究主要探究在幼托整合政策下幼兒園治理的現況、侷限與因應，採半結構式訪談方式來蒐集資料，訪談人員包括學者專家、國幼班巡迴輔導人員、幼兒園主任、幼兒園組長、幼兒園教師與幼兒園教保員，期對相關政策的現況與侷限性做更全面性的探討。研究結果發現，不同地區的政策關係人之間存在高度共識，均認為幼托整合政策的推動是達成教保品質提升此一目標的關鍵途徑。然而，偏鄉幼兒園相較城市幼兒園在幼托整合政策治理上確有更多的困境，包含混齡差距明顯較大，導致師資對課程大綱指標的運用較為困難；偏鄉教師多分擔行政工作導致課程任務無法全心投入；偏鄉師資異動頻繁造成人員代替專業不足。針對上述許多力有未逮之處，受訪者表示可藉由提供專業輔導來促進園內人員凝聚團體動力，或是借助園內人員分擔部分的行政業務來減少現場幼兒園主管繁複的行政工作；而藉由城鄉分開選才，或先考量任用當地培育的教保服務人員來降低偏鄉師資流動，則更為當務之急。

This study investigates the current status, limitations, and strategic responses concerning kindergarten governance under Taiwan’s Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) integration policy. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with a diverse range of stakeholders, including academic experts, itinerant counselors for public kindergartens, and various kindergarten personnel such as directors, section chiefs, teachers, and educators. This methodology was employed to facilitate a comprehensive exploration of the policy’s real-world implementation and its inherent challenges. The findings reveal a strong consensus among stakeholders across different regions that the ECEC integration policy is a critical pathway toward enhancing the quality of early childhood education and care. However, the study identifies significant disparities between rural and urban institutions, with rural kindergartens facing more pronounced governance difficulties. Key challenges in rural settings include: (1) managing wider age ranges in mixed-age classrooms, which complicates the effective application of curriculum standards; (2) an increased administrative burden on teachers, detracting from their focus on pedagogical responsibilities; and (3) high teacher turnover rates, leading to a deficit in sustained professional expertise. To address these challenges, respondents suggested several strategic countermeasures. These include providing professional counseling and support to foster team cohesion and improve group dynamics within schools. Furthermore, alleviating the administrative workload of kindergarten directors by distributing tasks among staff was recommended. Critically, the study highlights an urgent need to mitigate high teacher turnover in rural areas by implementing geographically differentiated talent recruitment or prioritizing the hiring of locally trained ECEC professionals.