In this paper, we propose a potentiostat for detecting caffeine using linear sweep voltammetry. The main purpose is to design a user-friendly electrochemical analyzer that substitutes the lengthy chemical reaction process with a short voltage scan of the analyte, achieved by drop-coating onto the detection area of a screen-printed electrode. By observing the results, it realizes the commonly used linear sweep voltammetry in electrochemical measurement methods. In the experiments, an EFM32 microcontroller is employed as the control core to output a fixed scanning signal to scan the analyte, and voltage-current curves are observed for high-precision and wide-range analysis. Through the conduction of electric current, LabVIEW can be used to control and visualize the various data results. In terms of system verification, screen-printed electrodes acted as caffeine sensors are utilized to measure standard liquid samples with different caffeine concentrations. The obtained results are used to establish a calibration curve for caffeine concentration, which is then compared with the calibration curve obtained from a commercial electrochemical analyzer. The caffeine sensor proposed in this paper, if applied to the detection of tea or coffee, can rapidly determine the caffeine concentration to prevent users from consuming excessive amounts of caffeine.