工作鑲嵌與工作倦怠之關係：以心流經驗為中介變項

Relationship between Job Embeddedness and Burnout, with Flow Experience Serving as the Mediating Variable

工作鑲嵌為近年員工留任研究的新觀點，意即員工和工作間的緊密連繫程度，工作中的心流經驗為一種高峰內在體驗，能為員工帶來正向的情緒體驗。工作倦怠係為員工身心資源過度負荷，失去工作熱忱的工作狀態，而資源的不平衡為造成工作倦怠的主因。從工作鑲嵌的內涵相當於工作資源的程度，而心流經驗則為累積個人資源的過程。本研究採用問卷調查法進行研究，以在職3個月以上的全職科技業人員為研究對象，採便利抽樣法透過網路平台發放問卷，回收問卷共461份，有效問卷共429份，有效回收率為93%。資料分析指出：工作鑲嵌對心流經驗有顯著正向影響，工作鑲嵌對工作倦怠有顯著負向影響，心流經驗對工作倦怠有顯著負向影響，心流經驗部分中介工作鑲嵌對工作倦怠的關係。研究建議企業透過招募與組織有相似價值觀員工、舉辦活動，以增加員工間的關係連結提升員工的工作鑲嵌，為員工營造正向工作狀態，促進心流經驗產生、降低工作倦怠，亦透過關心員工的所學是否發揮於工作任務中以達到心流經驗的狀態，帶來積極、有成就感等正向情緒體驗以降低工作倦怠。

 

Job embeddedness has emerged as a new perspective in recent research on employee retention, reflecting the degree of attachment between employees and their jobs. Flow experience in the workplace, a peak intrinsic experience, can bring positive emotional outcomes for employees. Job burnout occurs when an employee’s mental and physical resources are overly taxed, leading to a loss of enthusiasm for work. A key factor in job burnout is the imbalance of resources. Therefore, job embeddedness can be viewed as a measure of job resources, while flow experience represents the accumulation of personal resources. This study explored the relationship among the three constructs through a questionnaire distributed to full-time employees in the technology industry who had been employed for at least three months. Using convenience sampling, a total of 461 questionnaires were distributed via an online platform, yielding 429 valid responses with a 93% response rate. Data analysis revealed that job embeddedness significantly reinforces flow experience and significantly mitigates job burnout; flow experience, which also significantly inhibits job burnout, mediates the relationship between job embeddedness and job burnout partially. The study suggests that companies can recruit employees who share similar values with the organization, and organize activities to enhance job embeddedness. By providing positive job experience, employers can encourage flow experience and reduce burnout. Enterprises should also ensure that employees’ knowledge and skills are effective utilized in work tasks, helping them to achieve flow experience, facilitating positive job attitude and sense of achievement to reduce job burnout.