《巴勒莫議定書》中人口販運被害人身份的認定

Consideration on Identification of Victims of Human Trafficking in the Context of Palermo

人口販運被害人身份認定問題是被害人保護的前提與核心，也是目前國際社會保護人口販運被害人人權面臨的一大挑戰。《巴勒莫議定書》作為第一個專門規定人口販運的國際文件，第一次明晰了“人口販運”的定義，對人口販運被害人身份認定具有重要意義。以《巴勒莫議定書》為切入點，結合其他國際文件，總結人口販運被害人相關概念與其身份認定標準，找出《巴勒莫議定書》下人口販運被害人身份認定尚存的難題。提出彌補《巴勒莫議定書》現行立法瑕疵，明確“人口販運”各定義要素、增補人口販運被害人身份認定規範、明確被害人非罪化原則等建議；同時，鼓勵各締約國在立法標準上應向《巴勒莫議定書》靠攏，以國家轉介機制為平臺，健全人口販運被害人身份認定程序機制，加強執法培訓。

The identification of victims of human trafficking is an essential step in rescuing and protecting victims. However, the act of identifying victims also poses a major challenge to the international community with regards to protecting the human rights of the victims. Palermo Protocol is the first legally binding international instrument specifically regulating human trafficking. For the first time, that protocol provided a clear definition of human trafficking, which is indispensable to the identification of trafficked persons. In this paper, we start with Palermo Protocol as a foundation and then combine it with other international documents. We summarized the relevant concepts and identification standards for victims of human trafficking and identified some limitations of Palermo Protocol in the identification of victims of human trafficking. Recommendations are proposed in this paper to remedy the current legislative flaws of Palermo Protocol, clarify the elements of the definition of human trafficking, supplement the rules for the identification of victims, and clarify the principle of non-criminalization of victims. Furthermore, all signatory parties are encouraged to move closer to Palermo Protocol in terms of legislative standards, use the national referral mechanism to improve the identification procedure and strengthen law enforcement training.