資料治理法制模式的發展──從哪裡來？到哪裡去？

The Development of Legal Models for Data Governance: Where Have We Come from and Where Are We Going?

本文以歐盟為主要的比較對象，藉此試圖探索資料治理法制的價值取向與可能發展走向。在資料數位化後所應運而生的國際數位管制法制模式中，大致上可分為較傾向自由市場主義的資料財產權化，以及人性尊嚴保護優先之資料治理理論。本文認為從DGA與GDPR的複雜聯立與競合關係來看，即便是DGA可以被認定是對於資料經濟利益優先關懷的規範，也未必能證立得出歐盟的資料治理與數位管制法律模式，徹底離棄了原本對於基本權利與自由保護之堅持立場。本文亦認為我國應儘速提出資料治理法制，除應保障個人之基本權利與自由外，也應該對於資料應用場域關於集體權利之保障，妥為考量。

This article aims to explore the value orientations and potential development directions of data governance legal systems, primarily using the European Union as a comparative reference. Within the international digital regulatory models that have emerged following the digitisation of data, there is a broad division between the data property rights approach, which leans towards free market liberalism, and the data governance theory that prioritises the protection of human dignity. This article argues that, considering the complex interplay between the DGA and GDPR, even if the DGA can be recognised as a norm that prioritises economic interests in data, it does not necessarily establish that the EU’s data governance and digital regulatory legal model has abandoned its original commitment to the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms. This article also contends that it is imperative to promptly propose a legal system for Formosan data governance, suggesting that the future legal framework for data should not only safeguard individual fundamental rights and freedoms but also duly consider the protection of collective rights in the context of data application.