智慧型手機成癮者和非成癮者在學業表現、視力和螢幕時間的差異：兒童和青少年全國代表性樣本

Differences in Academic Performance, Visual Acuity, and Screen Time Between Smartphone Addicts and Non-Addicts: A Nationally Representative Child and Adolescent Sample

本研究旨在調查智慧型手機成癮者和非成癮者在學業表現、視力和螢幕時間的差異，以找出智慧型手機成癮者的特徵。本研究於2020年以分層隨機抽樣法選取臺灣北部、中部、東部、南部和離島地區之國小、國中和高中學生。參與者中有1,280位國小生、1,532位國中生、2,028位高中生。研究結果顯示，智慧型手機成癮者中，國小生占31.7%、國中生占41.0%、高中生占43.7%。觀看螢幕時間較久和學業表現較差是智慧型手機成癮國中生和國小生的特徵；觀看螢幕時間較久是智慧型手機成癮高中生的特徵。無論在何種教育階段，視力較差都不是智慧型手機成癮者的特徵。學校社會工作者和學者可根據智慧型手機成癮者的特徵進一步研究或設計防治教育課程。

This study investigated the differences in academic performance, visual acuity, and screen time between smartphone addicts and non-addicts. The participants were recruited from Taiwan’s northern, central, eastern, southern, and offshore islands through stratified random sampling in 2020. There were 1,280 elementary school students, 1,532 junior high school students, and 2,028 high school students. The results showed that 31.7% of elementary school students, 41.0% of junior high school students, and 43.7% of high school students were smartphone addicts. Among junior high school and elementary school students, longer screen time and poor academic performance were the distinguishing features of smartphone addiction, whereas longer screen time was a characteristic of high school students. Irrespective of educational level, poor visual acuity was not a characteristic of smartphone addicts. Based on these results, school social workers and scholars can conduct further research or develop prevention courses tailored to the characteristics of smartphone addicts.