「零負團費」治理的問題與路向──《旅遊法》第35條細化研究

The Problem and Direction of Governance for “Zero- or Negative-Charge Tours”: A Study to Refine Article 35 of the Tourism Law

《旅遊法》第35條以消滅零負團費為規範目的，但該規範目的並未能夠實現。《旅遊法》第35條存在法律解釋困難、操作性差、規範目的不匹配和明顯的規範漏洞等問題。上述問題的癥結在於，對零負團費的根本規範對象提煉不清晰，規範的方向上存在偏差。零負團費的治理應該明確從旅遊經營者內部的不正當交易和對旅遊者的權益侵害兩個方向入手，透過行業協會自治、強化資訊揭露義務和賦予旅遊者對購物和付費項目任意取消的權利等途徑，從多個層面對《旅遊法》第35條進行細化，以期實現其規範目的。

Article 35 of the Tourism Law aims to eliminate “zero- or negative-charge tours” as its regulatory objective, which has not been achieved. There are several issues with Article 35 of the Tourism Law, including difficulty in legal interpretation, poor operability, mismatched regulatory objectives, and significant regulatory loopholes. The crux of these problems lies in the unclear definition of the fundamental regulatory object of “zero- or negative-charge tours” and deviations in regulatory direction. The governance of “zero- or negative-charge tours” should start from regulating improper transactions within travel operators and eliminating infringements of tourists’ rights. This can be achieved through self-regulation by industry associations, strengthening the obligation of information disclosure, and granting tourists the unconditional right to cancel shopping and paid projects. By refining Article 35 of the Tourism Law on multiple levels, its regulatory objectives can be more effectively realized.