素食糖尿病病人接受富含維生素B12天然食物 飲食教育之成效

Efficacy of Dietary Education on Vitamin B12 Natural Foods for Vegetarian Diabetic Patients

目的：本研究目的為探討無口服綜合維生素B群、或無注射維生素B12之素食糖尿病病人給予加強富含維生素B12天然食物飲食教育及個別指導使其了解自己體內是否會有維生素B12缺乏之風險並分析藉由飲食教育介入後，對其營養知識、態度及行為之成效。

方法：本研究為飲食教育介入型研究，募集50位新陳代謝科門診之第2型糖尿病素食者。營養師根據以實際食物設計之「富含維生素B12之天然食物來源圖片單張」指導病人對於此類食物的學習及認識每日建議攝取量，並以問卷了解飲食教育前後受試者之營養知識、飲食態度與行為、營養素攝取量及監測血清維生素B12改變情形。

結果：發現在攝取藻類及菇類食物的習慣來看，其攝取頻率及飲食行為份量於飲食教育介入後兩組皆顯著上升(p<0.001)。在血清維生素B12 ≤200 pmol/L組，飲食教育介入三個月後之受試者血清維生素B12濃度有上升且達統計顯著意義(p<0.001)。

結論：本研究建議第2型糖尿病素食者透過持續的飲食教育介入，並可能藉由增加天然飲食中菇類或藻類之攝取而改善其維生素B12營養狀況以協助素食者於日常生活中實行及促進其維持健康飲食行為。

 

Purpose: To investigate whether dietary education and individual guidance on vitamin B12 natural foods should be strengthened for vegetarian diabetic patients without oral vitamin B complex or injection of vitamin B12so as to help them measure the risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, while the patients’ nutrition knowledge, attitudes and behaviors after intervention through dietary education were also assessed.

Methods: Conducted in the form of an intervention, the study recruited 50 vegetarians with type 2 diabetes visiting our outpatient department of metabolism. A dietitian provided subjects with instructions developed based on the health education leaflet on Vitamin B12 Natural Foods to help them learn and understand the recommended daily intake of the foods; questionnaires were then used to evaluate each subject’s nutritional knowledge, dietary attitudes and behaviors, and nutrient intake with the changes of serum vitamin B12 level in the subject monitored before and after the dietary education.

Results: The habits of consuming algae and mushroom among subjects reported a significant increase after the intervention of dietary education (p<0.001). For subjects with serum vitamin B12 ≤200 pmol/L, serum vitamin B12 concentration showed an improvement reaching statistical significance (p<0.001) after three months of dietary education.

Conclusion: The study suggests that continuous dietary education does help vegetarians with type 2 diabetes improve their vitamin B12 nutritional status, and increasing the intake of mushrooms or algae in the natural diet appears to be conducive in helping vegetarians implement and promote healthy eating behaviors in their daily lives.