接觸偏差同儕對偏差行為影響的決策——動機內在歷程分析

An Analysis of Inner Decision Making-Motivational Process Underlying the Effects of Attachment to Deviant Peers on Individual Deviance

青少年偏差行為可能受到偏差同儕、認知—情緒歷程失衡與行為動機的影響。本研究主要目的有二：一、編製信、效度良好的偏差行為趨避動機測量工具。二、整合社會心理學理論與認知神經科學觀點，提出偏差行為的決策－動機歷程模式，釐清該模式是否適合用來解釋青少年從事偏差行為背後的內在歷程。本研究以八年級學生為對象，進行多層次結構方程中介分析發現：一、偏差行為趨避動機測量具有良好的信、效度。二、接觸偏差同儕對偏差行為的效果，除了社會情境具有最大的直接影響外，青少年對接觸偏差同儕或從事偏差行為可能帶來的獲益評估，其影響居次，正、負向情緒也解釋了背後部分的內在歷程，且情緒的影響與獲益評估相當。三、損失評估與趨避動機未能解釋接觸偏差同儕對偏差行為影響的內在歷程。

Juvenile deviance is influenced by the attachment to deviant peers, the unbalanced interplay between cognition and emotion, and behavioral motivation. The purposes of this study are as follows: (1) to develop a reliable and valid measurement for the approach and avoidance motivation of deviance; (2) to propose a decision making motivational process model which incorporates sociopsychological and cognitive neuroscience theories to clarify its appropriateness to account for the inner process of juvenile deviance. Eighth-grade students consented to participate in this study, and multilevel mediation SEM analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed: (1) the measurement of approach and avoidance motivation of deviance demonstrated good reliability and validity; (2) the attachment to deviant peers is the most influential social factor of juvenile deviance, followed by evaluations of potential benefits, as well as positive and negative emotions, with benefits and emotions showing equivalent effects; and (3) the evaluation of losses, approach and avoidance motivation failed to account for the inner process of the effect of attachment to deviant peers on juvenile deviance.