創生不息：新創企業與創業生態系統之互動

Promoting Entrepreneurship: The Interactions of Startups with an Entrepreneurial Ecosystem

近年為促進國家經濟成長動能，各國政府積極推動創新創業政策，力求建立完善的創業生態系統，刺激新創企業增長。然而，文獻卻甚少著墨於新創企業如何在競爭與變動的商業環境中生存。綜觀文獻大多著重於創業生態系統主體，如政府、學研機構、投資單位，與其之間的互動與發展，鮮少由新創企業的視角來探討創業生態系統。有鑑於此，本研究旨在探索新創企業如何透過與創業生態系統的互動，強化自身的競爭優勢。本研究運用Spigel（2017）的創業生態系統架構與Teece（2007）以及Teece、Pisano與Shuen（1997）的動態能力理論，以創意引晴股份有限公司（ Viscovery）與豐盛智慧股份有限公司（Perkd）兩家數位服務創新公司進行個案分析，發現新創企業會從創業生態系統擷取資源，建構動態能力，以強化競爭優勢；亦發現新創企業與創業生態系統間存在共同演化的關係。本研究結論先是微觀地探討新創企業與創業生態系統的互動，再延伸至宏觀的系統構面，提出新創企業與外部創業主體是基於共同利益聚集，經轉譯、結盟與最後觸發彼此共同成長的過程。本研究的主要貢獻在於以個案實證補足創業生態系統理論的缺口──創業生態系統的資源流動與演化。此外，研究結果也強調新創企業的主動權，說明其擁有能力改變創業系統的主體，甚至參與形塑創業生態系統。

To promote economic growth, governments worldwide have actively promoted innovation and entrepreneurship policies, striving to establish a robust entrepreneurial ecosystem that stimulates the growth of startups. However, how startups survive in a competitive and dynamic business environment is a topic that warrants further investigation. The literature has mainly focused on the interactions among the dimensions of an entrepreneurial ecosystem (e.g., government, research institutions, and investment units) and how these ecosystems are developed. However, few studies have explored entrepreneurial ecosystems from the perspective of startups. The present study explored how new ventures can enhance their competitive advantages through interactions with an entrepreneurial ecosystem. The present study applied Spigel’s (2017) entrepreneurial ecosystem architecture and Teece’s (2007) and Teece et al.’s (1997) dynamic capability theory. Two digital service startup cases were examined, namely Viscovery and Perkd. The results of the present study revealed that startups extract resources from the entrepreneurial ecosystem and build dynamic capabilities to enhance their competitive advantage. The study also discovered the presence of a co-evolutionary relationship between startups and an entrepreneurial ecosystem. The present paper first discusses the interactions between startups and entrepreneurial ecosystems from a micro perspective. It then extends to the macro perspective, proposing that the congregation of startups and the dimensions of an entrepreneurial ecosystem are determined by common interests and alliances, which subsequently trigger the process of mutual growth. Through the examination of the aforementioned empirical cases, the present study filled a research gap related to the role of entrepreneurial ecosystems in resource flow and evolution. In addition, the results highlight the role of startups as initiators and demonstrate their ability to change or even shape an entrepreneurial ecosystem.