人因性危害之現場改善成效--以某製造業公司庫房為例

Effectiveness of Onsite Intervention for Ergonomic Hazards: The Case of a Warehouse of a Manufacturer

目的：肌肉骨骼疾病已成為全球職業安全衛生重要議題，其與負重、姿勢不良、重複性動作造成累積性傷害有關。

方法：本研究以某公司庫房有肌肉骨骼酸痛問題個案為對象，到工作現場評估人因危害，提供介入措施，並探討此介入措施之成效。介入措施包括調整作業檯面及高度，提供現場工作人員符合人體工學的作業設備。介入期間安排人因危害教育訓練及現場海報張貼以強化作業人員使用正確肌群、管理面的介入進行工作調整等。在3個月的介入措施前後以北歐肌肉骨骼問卷調查表(The Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire)及工作姿勢分析(Ovako Working Posture Analysis System)進行肌肉酸痛程度及工作姿勢風險之評估，以比較介入前後差異。統計採用無母數相依樣本Wilcoxon signed-rank test進行前後差異檢定。

結果：肌肉骨骼不適症狀部位前測主要部位以下背(n=30)占88.2%、左肩(n=29)占85.2%、右肩(n=28)占82.3%、以及右手/手腕(n=18)占52.9%。以無母數分析比較介入前後肌肉疼痛程度，結果顯示疼痛部位在下背、左肩、右肩、右手腕均有顯著性的改善(p<0.05)。

結論：調整作業人員採以符合人體工學的姿勢工作，能有效控制職業肌肉骨骼疾病產生，有效改善人員肌肉骨骼不適之問題。

 

Purpose: The increased occurrence of repetitive strain injuries involving poor postures in modern industries has rendered musculoskeletal disorders one of most prevalent occupational diseases.

Methods: In the study, the effectiveness of an onsite intervention was assessed before and after the occurrence of ergonomic hazards at the warehouse of a manufacturer, where the number of musculoskeletal complaints and occupational health consultation had reported an alarming rise. Occupational nurses, physicians, and safety and health administrators visited the warehouse to evaluate the situation and conduct engineering planning with workers receiving on-site assessments using the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS). An intervention was developed and performed to raise workers’ awareness of ergonomic hazards and coping strategies and improve the ergonomic compliance of equipment. NMQ was used to compare the effectiveness of the intervention for muscle soreness after 3 months. Wilcoxon Sign Rank test was used for comparison before and after the intervention.

Results: Top 4 sites of musculoskeletal pain among the workers were respectively the lower back (88.2%; n=30), left shoulder (85.2%; n=29), right shoulder (82.3%; n=28), and right hand/wrist (52.9%; n=18). Nonparametric Wilcoxon Sign Rank analysis for before- and after-intervention comparison revealed that musculoskeletal pain at the lower back, left shoulder, right shoulder, and right wrist were all significantly alleviated (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Appropriate engineering improvements were effective in this case, and the posture of the workers could be adjusted to reduce the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders.