1993～2020年人工智慧應用於護理的研究趨勢：文獻計量法

Research Trends of Artificial Intelligence in Nursing from 1993 to 2020: A Bibliometric Mapping Analysis

本研究採用文獻計量分析，以國家／地區、主要期刊、高被引論文、作者及關鍵字的角度，針對Web of Science數據庫中，1993∼2020年人工智慧在護理的文獻進行回顧。從分析結果可得知，美國、英國、中國大陸是排名前三的國家／地區；Computers Informatics Nursing與Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association是發表數量排名前二的期刊；被引用次數最多的期刊依序為Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association、Nurse Education Today及Journal of Biomedical Informatics；生產力最高的前四位作者皆為護理專業出身。從關鍵字分析結果發現了兩個研究集群，即人工智慧在護理的功能及角色、人工智慧在護理的相關技術及研究議題。1993∼2000年，人工智慧應用於護理的研究主要集中在專家系統的開發與應用；2001∼2010年聚焦於討論機器學習技術、診斷系統與決策系統等應用；2011∼2020年則是聚焦於機器學習、自然語言與各種人工智慧技術的應用，如用來預測感染、受傷的風險與監測健康狀況等議題。因此，本研究提供研究者和政策制定者之人工智慧於護理領域的作用和研究趨勢，以及對未來研究的建議。

This study adopted a bibliometric analysis to review the literature on Artificial Intelligence (AI) in nursing in the Web of Science (WOS) database from 1993 to 2020 by country/region, mainly journals, highly cited papers, authors, and keywords. The results show that the United States, the United Kingdom, and China are the top three countries/ regions. Computers Informatics Nursing and the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association were the top two journals in terms of number of publications. The most cited journals are Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, Nurse Education Today, and Journal of Biomedical Informatics. The top four most productive authors are all from nursing specialties. From the results of the keyword analysis, two research clusters were discovered, namely, the functionalities and roles of AI in nursing, and the technologies and research foci of AI in nursing. From 1993 to 2000, AI in nursing research focused on the development and application of expert systems; from 2001 to 2010, the research foci were the development of machine learning technologies, diagnostic systems and decision-making systems; and from 2011 to 2020, the main foci were the applications of machine learning, natural language and various artificial intelligence technologies, such as predicting the risk of infection and injury and monitoring health status. Accordingly, this study provides researchers and policy makers with information on the role of AI in nursing and research trends, as well as several recommendations for future research.