農地重劃減緩土地產權細碎化成效之評估—以嘉義縣為例

Mitigation Effects on Farmland Fragmentation through Land Consolidation in Chiayi County

農地細碎是許多國家長期關注的農地利用課題，也被認為是最古老的農業問題。農地重劃被視為是解決細碎問題的良方，過去研究已證實於重劃完成時點，農地細碎分散問題確實可以改善，也會達到部分產權單純化的成果。本研究立基於此，使用嘉義縣超過十萬筆的農地重劃區資料，運用二階段的實證方法，探討實施農地重劃解決農地面積細碎、分散及產權複雜問題之後，這些農地於日後在面積與產權的變動狀況。實證結果發現，較早施行農地重劃的農地，產權複雜情形相對於較遲重劃的農地而言，會趨於單純，但面積則趨於狹小。此結果與「農地產權隨時間經過而複雜」的說法相異，顯示共有的產權結構在重劃區未必會持續，而是透過分割為更小面積的農地坵塊以單純化產權的持有。此外，農地重劃完成時的面積與產權狀態，將成為日後農地面積細碎與產權複雜發展的基礎。表示農地重劃的成效，在農地面積細碎面向，雖無法持續維持重劃當時的成果，但在重劃完成時農地坵塊面積較大的重劃區，即使隨時間而變得細碎，也可以保留住較大面積的農地坵塊。而在產權複雜面向，雖然所有實證地區內的重劃區產權都變得單純，然農地重劃完成當時，產權較複雜的重劃區，隨時間經過，產權仍維持相對較為複雜的狀態。

 

Farmland fragmentation is the oldest problem of farmland use around the world, and land consolidation have been proposed as a major solution to this problem. Numerous studies has agreed on the functions of land consolidation on mitigating fragmentation and simplifying the severity of joint ownership on land. Over one hundred thousand plots within 49 land consolidation projects in Chiayi County are examined using a two-stage estimator regression model to understand if the longer the time has passed after land consolidation the more fragmented the farmland has become in terms of plot area and land ownership, respectively. It is found that, in contrast to latter land consolidation projects, those plots in the land consolidation projects implemented earlier have become smaller in size but their ownership has remained simpler. These results suggest that the plots with joint ownership have been divided into a larger number of smaller plots with single ownership. Moreover, the status of plot size and land ownership (single or joint) at the time of completion of a land consolidation project to a large extent determines the degree of fragmentation in plot size and land ownership for many years into the future.