楊伯峻《春秋左傳注》考訂六則——以《左傳》隱公至僖公時期為範圍

Examination & Correction of Six Phrases on Yáng Bó-jùn's "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhu" –Based on the Period of Lǔ Yǐn Gōng to Lǔ Xī Gōng in Zuo Zhuan

本文討論楊伯峻《春秋左傳注》釋《左傳》魯隱公至魯僖公時期六則有待商榷字詞，計有「季年」、「征伐以討其不然」、「不以阻隘」、「薄而觀之」、「獻狀」、「鄉役之三月」。一、「季年」專指某位國君在位最末年，非泛指最後一段時間。二、「征伐以討其不然」之「不然」有「不如此」義，「征伐以討其不然」指可征伐不遵「會」、「朝」之「禮」之諸侯。三、「不以阻隘」之「阻」、「隘」於傳文相對舉，故仍應從《春秋左傳集解》釋為同義詞。四、「薄而觀之」之「薄」仍應釋為「迫」，表現曹共公欲詳觀重耳駢脅而無禮之狀。五、「獻狀」之「獻」當讀為《說文解字》之「𤅊」，即典籍所見「讞」，有議罪、辨別是非之意。「獻狀」乃如《國語．晉語四》「誅觀狀」，謂議曹共公觀駢脅之罪。六、「鄉役之三月」之「三月」，依《左傳》「某公之某年」、「謚號之某年」句法與僖公二十八年《春秋經》、《左傳》記載，「三月」當為序數，釋為魯僖公二十八年（632 B.C.）三月。

 

This article discusses six phrases on Yáng Bó-jùn’s "Chun Qiu Zuo Zhuan Zhu" which based on the period of Lǔ Yǐn Gōng to Lǔ Xī Gōng in Zuo Zhuan. They are "jì nián", "zhēng fá yǐ tǎo qí bù rán", "bù yǐ zǔ ài", "báo ér guān zhī", "xiàn(獻) zhuàng" and "xiāng yì zhī sān yuè" 1. The meaning of the phrase "jì nián" is the last year of a certain monarch’s reign only, not the last period of his reign. 2. The phrase "bù rán" has the meaning of disobeying the agreement; therefore, the sentence "zhēng fá yǐ tǎo qí bù rán" means to go on a punitive expedition to those vassals who disobeyed the rules of "huì" and "cháo". 3. Although the words "zǔ" and "ài" in the phrase "bù yǐ zǔ ài" are contrastive meanings in "Zhuan"; however, from "Ji Jie", they should be still interpreted as synonyms. 4. The word "báo" should be interpreted as "pò" in the phrase "báo ér guān zhī". The whole meaning of this phrase is Cáo Gòng Gōng heard that Zhòng Er’s ribs were connected together, and wanted to take a look at him while he was taking a bath. That was so rude. 5. According to "Shuō Wén Jiě Zì", the word "xiàn(獻)" should read as "yàn(𤅊)" in the phrase "xiàn(獻) zhuàng". The words "yàn(𤅊)" and "yàn(讞)" are the same in ancient books and records. It means to judge the cases and distinguish right from wrong. For example, Cáo Gòng Gōng wanted to take a look at Zhòng’ Er’s ribs and that was a case so-called "Zhū guān zhuàng" in Guó Yǔ. 6. The grammar of the phrase "sān yuè" in the sentence "xiāng yì zhī sān yuè" is quite similar to the sentences "mǒu gōng zhī mǒu nián" and "shì hào zhī mǒu nián" in Zhun. According to "Jīng" and "Zhuán", "sān yuè" should be an ordinal number ,and it means the March in 632 B. C.