一般護理之家的離室避難時間及輔助避難移動速度之研究

Study of Room Evacuation Times and the Speed of Assisted Evacuations of Ordinary Nursing Homes

相較於一般醫療院所，避難能力較弱的一般護理之家應採取不同的避難策略，因此既往研究提出了「火災居室離室避難；非火災居室就地避難」的避難策略。本研究以一般護理之家為主要研究對象，運用內政部建築研究所建築物防火避難安全性能驗證技術手冊的居室避難驗證概念，依據一般護理之家的避難所需時間的計算時序，提出離室避難所需時間的計算方法。並進行全尺寸避難實驗，探討可視度對於輔助避難速度之影響，提出參考數值與依據。最後，運用本研究提出之計算方法及實驗結果，分析基本單元居室的離室避難所需時間，並配合簡易二層分析煙層下降時間，以探討基本單元居室的離室避難所需時間與煙層下降時間之關係，提出可確保人員完成避難之居室設計樣態，期能以工學分析手法提供相關機構於設計時之參考，以建立安全的護理環境。

 

Focusing primarily on ordinary nursing homes, the present study applies the room evacuation verification concept described in the Technical Manual on Building Fire Evacuation Safety Performance Verification published by the Architecture and Building Research Institute, Ministry of the Interior, to propose a method for calculating the time required for room evacuation based on the timing sequence for calculating the required evacuation time for an ordinary nursing home. Moreover, the present study carried out full-scale evacuation experiments to explore the impact of visibility on the speed of assisted evacuation, presenting numbers and bases for reference. Finally, using the proposed method of calculation and the experimental results obtained in the study, the time required for evacuating a basic room was analyzed, as well as employing the two-layer zone model for verification to analyze the time of descent of the smoke layer, to investigate the relationship between the time required for room evacuation and the time of descent of the smoke layer. A room design pattern ensuring the successful evacuation of personnel was proposed in the hope of providing an ergonomic analysis-based approach for related institutions to take as a design reference in order to establish a safe nursing environment.