台灣南部科學園區輪班工作者吸菸流行病學與其相關危險因子

The Prevalence of Smoking and Related Risk Factors among High-Tech Shift Workers in Southern Taiwan

目的：輪班工作會造成很多生理及心理問題，導致腸胃道問題、睡眠障礙、心血管疾病及身心科疾病。此外輪班工作者合併較多不健康行為，包括吸菸、喝酒、暴飲暴食及缺乏運動等。而吸菸會增加心血管風險，根據2020年9月世界衛生組織統計每年約有190萬人死於吸菸導致的心血管疾病。因此高科技產業輪班工作人員如果同時有吸菸，則上述健康事件風險將大為增加。因此擬針對南部科學園區輪班人員探討其吸菸行為的流行病學與其相關的危險因子，做為高科技職場菸害防制之參考。

方法：本研究採橫斷式研究(cross-sectional study)方法，於2016年7月至2016年8月間，以南科園區某公司員工接受定期健康檢查者為對象，進行自填式問卷調查，問卷內容包含人口學資料、生活型態、台灣人憂鬱量表(Taiwanese Depression Scale, TDS)，中文版工作特質量表(C-JCQ)，過勞量表及簡易睡眠品質量表等納入分析。並使用統計分析，探討輪班工作者吸菸行為及相關因子。

結果：共有814位有效問卷納入分析，研究族群整體吸菸率為32.2%，其中輪班工作者之吸菸盛行率比常日班人員高(37.7% vs. 16.7%, p<0.01)及較高的食用檳榔盛行率(5.5% vs. 1.4%, p=0.011)。針對輪班族群分析，以多變項邏輯斯迴歸分析，發現男性(AOR 7.8, 95% CI 2.36-25.81)、嚼檳榔(AOR 9.38, 95% CI3.54-24.83)、中度失眠(AOR 1.98, 95% CI 1.31-2.99)為吸菸的獨立危險因子。

結論：本研究發現高科技產業輪班人員甚高的吸菸率，而男性、嚼檳榔、中度失眠是吸菸的相關因子，所以輪班作業人員為推動職場上戒菸防制之重點族群。

Purpose: Shift work can cause a plethora of physical and psychological health issues, such as gastrointestinal problems, sleep disorders, cardiovascular diseases, stress, anxiety, and depression. In addition, shift workers tend to develop unhealthy behaviors like smoking, alcohol consumption, overeating, and lack of exercise. Smoking is known for increasing cardiovascular risk. Based on a World Health Organization report published in September 2020, about 1.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases caused by smoking every year. We accordingly conducted a study to examine whether shift work may increase the smoking rate among workers in high-tech industries.

Methods: For the cross-sectional study, workers in a science park in southern Taiwan were recruited during their routine annual health examination in July and August 2016. Demographic data were collected through a self-administrated questionnaire. Participants completed the Taiwanese Depression Scale (TDS), Chinese Job Content Questionnaire (C-JCQ), Burnout Inventory, and a simple sleep quality scale. A series of logistic regression models were developed to estimate the contribution of occupational factors to smoking behavior over time with SPSS version 22.0.

Results: The prevalence of smoking was 32.2% in all 814 participants and 37.7% in shift workers. After stratification by shift work and adjustment for other risk factors, male (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]= 7.80, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.36-25.81), betel quid chewing (AOR= 9.38, 95% CI 3.54-24.83) and moderate insomnia (AOR= 1.98, 95% CI 1.31-2.99), were identified as independent risk factors of smoking.

Conclusion: Among high-tech shift workers, smoking is associated with male, betel quid chewing and moderate insomnia. Therefore, intervention strategies for smoking cessation should take these factors into consideration.