臺灣國際觀光旅館考慮要素內生性的兩部門技術效率分析

Jointly Estimating Technical Efficiency of Taiwan's International Tourist Hotels with Two Divisions and Endogenous Inputs

生產函數中自變數的聯立問題，起因於誤差項包含無法觀察到的生產力，影響廠商的雇用決策，導致誤差項與要素需求相關而產生內生性問題，Olley and Pakes（1996）指出要獲得具備一致性的係數估計值，必須同時解決廠商是否繼續營運的選擇問題及聯立問題，因國際觀光旅館退出市場的情形較少，選擇問題較不嚴重，可以忽略。為能正確掌握國際觀光旅館雇用不同類別生產要素，同時進行住宿和餐飲兩種主要生產活動的特質，並將無法觀察到的生產力因素納入考量，本研究利用關聯結構法同時估計79家臺灣國際觀光旅館住宿和餐飲部門的兩條生產邊界函數。發現考慮內生性問題之後，住宿及餐飲兩部門的效率值皆上升；無論是否考慮內生性問題，餐飲部門的管理能力皆優於住宿部門；參與連鎖體系的旅館住宿及餐飲部門技術效率皆較獨立飯店高；金融海嘯發生前與後，樣本旅館的平均效率值沒有明顯差異；寧靜生活假說未獲得支持。

The simultaneity problem of independent variables in a production function is caused by the correlation of the error term that contains unobserved productivities with input demands, which then generates an endogenous problem. When estimating a production function, Olley and Pakes (1996) suggest jointly solving two problems - i.e., selection and simultaneity - to obtain consistent parameter estimates. Our research ignores the selection problem, because there are few tourist hotels leaving the market during the sample period, and merely takes the simultaneity problem into account. We thus propose to jointly estimate two production frontiers for Taiwan's tourist hotels, corresponding to accommodation and restaurant divisions, using the copula methods. After considering the simultaneity problem, we find that the average technical efficiency of both divisions increases, the management ability of the restaurant division exceeds that of the accommodation division, chained hotels outperform independent hotels, the average efficiency of the sample hotels before and after 2008 (the subprime crisis) remains the same, and the data do not support the quiet life hypothesis.