高雄市碳權管理模式之研究

The Feasibility Analysis of the Carbon Emission Management Models in Kaohsiung City

本論文首先分析高雄市七大部門溫室氣體二氧化碳CO2排放盤查情形，以2006年為例，本市溫室氣體總排放量高達3,968萬公噸／年，人均排放量高達26.3公噸／年／人，遠超過台灣人均排放量11.7噸與全球平均4.2公噸，未來高雄縣市合併後，勢必因高雄縣其他工業區而增加排放量，本市二氧化碳CO2排放管制急需進行。惟台灣現階段並非聯合國締約國，不允許簽署UNFCCC，自然不允許簽署用於補充UNFCCC之《京都議定書》，加上環保署訂定之「溫室氣體減量法」於立法院尚未三讀通過，致使本市因法源基礎不足，欲推動碳排放管制與碳權交易更加困難。本論文第二部份即回顧先進國家在CO2排放管制與交易之作法後，研析高雄市環保局訂定「高雄市工業及電力業溫室氣體減量管制自治條例」（草案）與財政局訂定「高雄市碳稅徵收自治條例」兩條例，以作為本市碳排放管制工具之可行性。包括先期減量憑證、計畫型清潔機制、自願碳標準機制、協助主辦國開發單邊CDM並與京都議定國透過契約共用CERs註冊帳戶、參與類似芝加哥非公約性碳排放交易市場與自行建立國內交易市場等機制，以作為高雄市目前進行碳權管理較可行性之模式。

In this paper we analyze at first the discharges of greenhouse gas especially for carbon dioxide CO2 from seven major industry departments in Kaohsiung City. For example in 2007, the total emission of carbon dioxide in Kaohsiung City is up to 39,680,000 metric tons. The emission is up to 26.3 metric tons per year per capita person, exceeds that in Taiwan average as 11.7 metric tons and global average as 4.2 metric tons. Since in 2010 Kaohsiung City and County will be merged, the emission of carbon dioxide certainly would present severely increase for discharging in other industrial areas of Kaohsiung County. Thus the suitable and feasible management tools for carbon dioxide emission must be proposed as soon as possible. Since Taiwan is not belonged to contracting party of the United Nations at present, it is not also allowed to sign UNFCCC and Kyoto Protocol. The Kyoto Protocol mechanism of greenhouse gas can't be applied for Taiwan. Furthermore, the “Greenhouse Gas Reduction law” proposed by Taiwan EPA is still not gone through the entire three-reading procedure in the Legislative Yuan. It is more difficult to implement the management of greenhouse gas emission in Kaohsiung with lack of legislation. In second part of this thesis, we will review some practices of greenhouse gas management in advanced country. Then the “Autonomy of Greenhouse Gas Decrement of Industry and Electricity Industry of Kaohsiung(AGGDIEIK)” proposed by Kaohsiung City Environmental Protection Agency, and “Carbon Tax Autonomy(CTA)” proposed by Kaohsiung City Finance Bureau are discussed as feasible management tools for carbon dioxide. Through risk assessing for regulation, politics, technology and economy elements, voluntary carbon standard, participation in trade market of carbon discharge of Chicago, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and AGGDIEIK are four most feasible carbon emission management mechanisms applied in Kaohsiung area.