因應氣候變遷的公正轉型──歐盟及歐洲國家推動策略對臺灣的啟示

Just Transition in Response to Climate Change: The Inspiration of the EU and European Countries’Strategies for Taiwan

國際組織示警全球已進入氣候緊急狀態，各國須致力於本世紀中達成淨零排放目標。淨零轉型是社會經濟體系轉變的龐大工程，需要政府、企業與公民社會共同協力推動，而公正轉型是確保淨零轉型成功的關鍵。《巴黎協定》中納入公正轉型概念並強調多元利害關係者參與，透過跨部門利害關係者對話並參與政策研擬過程，確保公平正義與人權，協力實踐國家氣候治理目標。
氣候變遷議題下公正轉型倡議涵蓋能源與氣候正義概念，歐盟為長期積極呼籲與推動減碳及永續發展的國際行為者，提出相對完整且深入的推動架構；然歐盟會員國間資源與條件差異甚大，各國如何妥善回應國內所面臨的公正轉型挑戰，歐盟及歐洲國家如何透過政策架構與策略促成實現共同目標，值得深入研究。本研究採用水平掃描法，觀察歐盟公正轉型整體政策架構並研析五個歐洲國家之公正轉型策略，採用「課題」、「目標與原則」、「政策工具」及「治理體系」等維度加以比較，期能借鏡國際經驗作為我國政策研擬參據。

International organizations have declared that the world is now in a climate emergency, urging nations to achieve net-zero emissions by mid-century. The transition to net-zero is a massive transformation of the socio-economic system, requiring joint efforts from governments, businesses, and civil society. A just transition is crucial to the success of this process. The Paris Agreement incorporates the concept of just transition and emphasizes the participation of diverse stakeholders to ensure fairness, justice, and human rights through cross-sectoral dialogue and policy-making collaboration, contributing to national climate governance.
In the context of climate change, the just transition movement includes the principles of energy and climate justice. As a long-time global advocate for decarbonization and sustainable development, the European Union has developed a relatively comprehensive and in-depth framework for implementation. However, significant disparities in resources and conditions exist among EU member states. Understanding how each country addresses its domestic challenges and how EU-level frameworks and strategies help achieve shared goals is a valuable area of study.
This research adopts a horizontal scanning approach to examine the EU’s overarching policy framework for a just transition and analyzes strategies from five European countries. By comparing the dimensions of“issues,”“goals and principles,”“policy tools,”and“governance systems,”this study aims to draw insights from international experiences to inform Taiwan’s policy development.