以《行政院農業委員會》檔案中探討1958-1960年金馬地區國軍蔬菜生產計畫之初探

A Preliminary Study of the Military Vegetable Production Program in the Kinmen and Matsu Areas, 1958–1960: Evidence from the Archives of the Council of Agriculture, Executive Yuan

第二次世界大戰的結束，世界出現美國、蘇聯為首的兩大集團，而中國大陸也因國共內戰的展開，1949年（民國38年）隨著戰局不利於國府，國府隨即展開遷都的準備，最終國府遷都於臺北，兩岸走向分治的局面，隨著1954-55年（民國43-44年）第一次臺海危機，國共兩軍浙江外海的大陳群島激戰，最終以解放軍以武力攻佔一江山島，臺美雙方在溝通之後因大陳群島之制空、制海權，以及一江山島的陷落之後，上下大陳已盡在大陸解放軍的火炮射程之下，因此展開大陳「轉進」至臺灣，但因大陸解放軍原計畫，隨著攻佔大陳之後準備兵鋒，轉向福建外海的馬祖列島，後來卻無疾而終，美國方面則在1955年通過福爾摩沙決議文，授予美國總統出兵臺海的法源，以及1955年美國與中國大陸展開大使級談判，將臺海的軍事壓力下降，但隨著美國與國府官方互動提升，大陸開始計畫向金門地區展開砲擊，因此國際社會開始再度關注臺海地區史稱「第二次臺海危機」，隨後因大陸解放軍從1958年8月23日後，大規模砲擊金門，兩岸雙方也因此轉向軍事對抗及衝突，本文研究透過臺灣方面國史館以及國史館出版之史料彙編，為本文研究之核心之史料來分析，國軍在當時受到大陸解放軍陸、海、空三軍軍事威脅之下的金馬地區，在當時的狀況之下，如何維持金馬地區國軍戰備所需之糧食，本文將聚焦糧食生產中之蔬菜自主生產計畫，以及從中會遇到什麼困境為本文研究之焦點。

With the end of the Second World War, the world was divided into two major blocs led by the United States and the Soviet Union. Meanwhile, as the Chinese Civil War unfolded on the Chinese mainland, the Nationalist government faced increasingly unfavorable military conditions in 1949 and began preparations to relocate its capital. Ultimately, the Nationalist government moved its capital to Taipei, leading to a divided situation across the Taiwan Strait.
During the First Taiwan Strait Crisis (1954-1955), intense battles broke out between the Nationalist and Communist forces over the Dachen Islands off the coast of Zhejiang. The conflict culminated in the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) capturing Yijiangshan Island by force. Following communications between Taiwan and the United States, and due to the loss of air and naval superiority over the Dachen Islands as well as the fall of Yijiangshan Island—placing both Upper and Lower Dachen within the PLA’s artillery range—the decision was made to evacuate (“redeploy”) from the Dachen Islands to Taiwan.
According to the PLA’s original plan, after capturing the Dachen Islands, they intended to shift their military focus toward the Matsu Islands off the coast of Fujian; however, this plan was ultimately abandoned. In 1955, the United States passed the Formosa Resolution, granting the U.S. President the authority to deploy troops to the Taiwan Strait region. Additionally, ambassadorial-level talks between the United States and mainland China in 1955 helped reduce military tensions across the Taiwan Strait. However, as official interactions between the United States and the Nationalist government intensified, mainland China began planning artillery bombardments against the Kinmen area. Consequently, the international community once again turned its attention to the Taiwan Strait, marking what became known as the Second Taiwan Strait Crisis.
Subsequently, beginning on August 23, 1958, the PLA launched large-scale artillery bombardments against Kinmen, leading both sides to escalate military confrontation and conflict. This study draws primarily on archival materials from Taiwan’s Academia Historica and published documentary compilations to analyze how the Republic of China Armed Forces, under the military threats posed by the PLA’s army, navy, and air force, maintained food supplies necessary for combat readiness in the Kinmen and Matsu regions. In particular, this article focuses on the self-sufficiency vegetable production programs implemented to support food production and examines the challenges encountered during their implementation.