初盛唐貶謫文學與山水詩之興起：以張說與珠英學士為中心

Exile Literature and the Rise of Landscape Poetry in the Early High Tang: An Analysis Focusing on Zhang Yue and the Zhuying Scholars

本文聚焦於珠英學士與張說(667-731)，探討貶謫文學與山水詩的興起，揭示盛唐抒情的轉型歷程。從宮廷詩人脫離應制語境出發，指出即便非處宮廷，仍於異地調動人際網絡，延續既有的語法，藉詩作寄寓忠誠之情與起復之願，形成「離而未離」的傾向。且若觀察張說，顯示貶謫詩不僅表達情感，亦有著人事往還與政治斡旋的功能。進一步地，山水在貶謫詩中益發重要：從異地疏離的窮山惡水，轉而成為在地抒情的對象。其中關鍵在以遊歷取代貶謫失意，拓展出知覺與情意交融的在地視角。而其間的群體遊賞與唱和，隨著《岳陽集》之流布，推動盛唐詩風的審美轉型。總體而言，張說的政途升降與唱和作品，既豐富了貶謫文學的意義，也促使山水詩之形成，為盛唐詩風格奠定基礎。

This article centers on the Zhuying scholars珠英學士and Zhang Yue張說(667–731), examining the rise of exile literature and landscape poetry, and tracing the transformation of High Tang lyricism. Beginning with the gradual disengagement of court poets from imperially-commissioned poetic contexts, it argues that even outside the court they continued, across displaced locales, to mobilize interpersonal networks and sustain established poetic idioms. Through their poetry, they conveyed encoded professions of loyalty and aspirations for reinstatement, thus exhibiting a tendency to be“detached yet not fully disconnected.”In Zhang Yue’s case, poems of demotion served not only as vehicles of affect but also as instruments of social transaction and political negotiation. Moreover, landscape took on increasing significance within exile poetry: what had once been alien and forbidding terrain became the very object of localized lyrical expression. The key to this transition lay in substituting the despair of exile with the act of excursion (you遊), opening a localized vantage that interlaced perception and affect. The collective outings and poetic exchanges (changhe唱和), together with the circulation of collections such as Yueyangji岳陽集, propelled an aesthetic reconfiguration of High Tang poetics. In sum, Zhang Yue’s career vicissitudes and his corpus of exchange poems not only enriched the significance of exile literature, but also fostered the formation of landscape poetry, laying the foundation for the style of the High Tang.