未盡的計畫：乾隆十四年滿洲尚武文化在沿山番界的打圍提案

Unfulfilled Plan: The Proposal for Aba Hunts along the Mountain Front as a Manifestation of Manchu Martial Culture in 1749

自乾隆九年到十五年，前後經歷了高山、喀爾吉善等高階官員和臺灣地方官員間的協商和競爭，最終劃定臺灣番界、形塑沿山社會。幾乎同時，以乾隆皇帝為中心的「族群主權」建構也正如火如荼地進行著，包括如何定義滿洲成為鞏固和穩定統治關鍵。在此建構過程中，除滿文、騎射、樸素外，涉及滿洲尚武文化並受到清初與盛清諸帝推廣和執行的圍獵亦是不可忽視環節。打圍不僅是滿洲狩獵傳統，更在乾隆時期要求各地提督、總兵效法滿營既有傳統，在各自轄區擇地進行之。乾隆十四年，當臺灣番界規劃進入尾聲，新任臺灣鎮總兵李有用提出在包括民番群聚、官軍駐紮的羅漢門在內的區域從事打圍，旨在用以嚇阻生番；此規劃最終被皇帝模糊地婉拒，但李有用的建言不僅反映帝國滿洲族群主權和邊疆劃界的意外交織，也展現除隔離民番、維持原樣外的潛在第三種番界規劃。本文嘗試探索這次提議之始末，理解一起未竟的計畫反應出清代臺灣和中央分別在「族群」這課題上如何意外地產生共時性互動的一段歷史。

During the Qianlong era, the demarcation of Taiwan’s“barbarian boundary”and the formation of the mountainous society were key processes shaping the ethnic configuration and local order. From 1744 to 1750, this boundary was formally defined following negotiations and disputes between high-ranking officials and Taiwan's local authorities. Scholars view this moment as a crucial turning point in the ethnic arrangement and the formation of a localized society in Taiwan. Meanwhile, under the Qianlong Emperor's direction, the Manchu ruling elite were vigorously engaged in consolidation of ethnic sovereignty. Establishing the definition of Manchu and delineating its bounds were key to strengthening imperial control and stability. Beyond the Eight Banner system, elements such as the Manchu script, martial traditions of horsemanship and archery, and a lifestyle of simplicity were all components of this ethnic construct. Among these, martial traditions, particularly the practice of the imperial hunt, were more than mere recreation; they provided a means of military training. Qianlong demanded that provincial commanders and generals emulate this tradition by organizing their own hunts in their respective jurisdictions. In 1749, the newly appointed Taiwan commander Li Youyong proposed organizing a hunt at Luohanmen—a place where civilians, aborigines, and soldiers were all present–to intimidate the“raw”tribes. Although Qianlong declined this proposal in a diplomatic rebuff, Li’s suggestion reveals a remarkable intersection of imperial Manchu ethnic policy and frontier administration. It highlights a potential third path for policy—aside from simply isolating the aborigines or maintaining the status quo—reflecting a unique moment of convergence between central and local perspectives on ethnic governance. This article investigates the proposal’s context. It aims to illuminate how this unrealized plan reflects a moment of synchronization between the Qing center and the periphery in their thinking about ethnicity during Qianlong-era Taiwan.