「極物而已」：從唐君毅到楊儒賓的現當代物學詮釋

“The Realm of Beings”: From Tang Jun-Yi to Yang Rur-Bin and the Contemporary Interpretation of the Philosophy of Beings

本文探討唐君毅與楊儒賓兩位思想家對「物」之哲學意涵的當代理論重構，分別揭示其在東亞思想語境中所開展的宇宙論視野與倫理實踐方向。文章首先分析唐君毅於《中國文化之精神價值》中提出的感通宇宙論，指出其以「感—通」與「生生」為核心機制，重新界定萬物之性為具生成潛勢與德性感應的結構，並藉此建構挑戰西方實體論的關係性存有觀。其次論述楊儒賓自〈原物理學〉以來發展出的「物學」理論，如何從五行宇宙論與宗教象徵出發，結合氣化生成、技藝工夫與感通主體的哲學部署，發展出以「物」為他者、強調感應共在之非主體中心哲學。本文借《莊子．則陽》語「極物而已」為題，提示唐楊二人雖取徑各異，然皆可深切回應當代物我關係、非實體性與生成性課題，為中國哲學參與全球思想討論開拓出具理論深度與文化向度的可能進路。

This article explores the contemporary theoretical reconstruction of the philosophical meaning of wu (things) in the works of Tang Jun-Yi and Yang Rur-Bin, each of whom develops distinct cosmological visions and ethical orientations within the East Asian intellectual context. It first analyzes Tang Jun-Yi’s cosmology of resonance in The Development of the Spirit of Chinese Culture, which takes gan–tong (resonance) and shengsheng (continuous creativity) as its core mechanisms. Through this framework, Tang redefines the nature of things as structures of generative potential and moral responsiveness, thereby constructing a relational ontology that challenges the substance-based metaphysics of the West. It then examines Yang Rur-Bin’s theory of“thing studies”(wuxue), developed since his essay Original Physics. Drawing on the Five Phases cosmology and religious symbolism, Yang combines processes of qi transformation, artisanal practice, and the resonant subject to articulate a non-subject-centered philosophy in which wu is understood in terms of otherness and existence emerges through responsive co-presence. Referring to the phrase“ji wu er yi”(“the limit of beings”) in the“Zeyang”chapter of the Zhuangzi, the article argues that, despite their divergent approaches, both Tang Jun-Yi and Yang Rur-Bin provide profound responses to contemporary issues of relationality, non-substantiality, and becoming. Their thought opens theoretically rich and culturally grounded pathways for Chinese philosophy to participate in global intellectual discourse.