唐文治與無錫國專學人群體之學風變遷

Tang Wen-Zhi and the Shift of Intellectual Tradition of Wuxi School of Chinese National Learning

無錫國學專修學校是二十世紀中國的傳統文化教研重鎮。有關國專本身及相關名家的文獻整理、編年，目前已經比較豐厚。在此基礎上可以推進的研究，乃是通過結合近代學術語境、考察學人授受的方式來整體性地研究國專學人群體之學風。
國專校長唐文治本人同時受惠於清代經學、理學和文學傳統，出於經世致用的考慮，他此後特別重視講習理學，同時提倡以文章作為學問抓手。作為唐氏同輩、後輩的朱文熊、馮振乃是國專教學的兩大幹將，他們的學業皆側重子學，後者甚至體現出傾向樸學的走向。此外，錢基博在校引領了學術史、目錄學的治學風氣，更與唐文治的學風異趣，可見國專學風逸出儒學藩籬之趨勢。四十年代，國專教師周予同批判傳統經學，是上述趨勢的發展。回顧這一過程，能為現代中國語境下的學統重建提供參證。

The Wuxi School of Chinese National Learning was a seminal hub for traditional Chinese education and research during the twentieth century. With extensive archival materials and chronicles concerning the school and its prominent scholars now systematically archived, this study builds upon that foundation to examine the institution’s intellectual ethos as a whole. It situates the school within the broader context of modern scholarship and traces the transmission of knowledge among its academic community.
The school’s president, Tang Wen-Zhi, was deeply rooted in Qing-dynasty traditions of classical studies, Neo-Confucianism, and belles-lettres. Guided by a practical concern for statecraft and social governance, he particularly emphasized Neo-Confucian pedagogy while championing literary composition as a core scholarly practice. Among his colleagues and successors, Zhu Wen-Xiong and Feng Zhen emerged as two central figures. Both concentrated their research on the Confucian“Master’s Texts,”with Feng showing a distinct inclination toward philological scholarship. Furthermore, Qian Ji-Bo actively promoted academic history and bibliographical studies at the school—a departure from Tang Wen-Zhi’s own scholarly orientation that signaled a gradual diversification of the institution’s intellectual focus. By the 1940s, these developments culminated in Professor Zhou Yu-Tong’s rigorous critique of traditional Confucian classical learning.
Reflecting on this intellectual trajectory not only illuminates the evolution of the Wuxi School but also offers meaningful insights for the ongoing reconstruction of the humanities in modern China.