《儀禮．士喪》諸篇「甸人」考

A Study of the“Dianren”in the“Shi Sang”and Other Chapters of the Yili (Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial)

《儀禮》相關研究，對職官之關注頗嫌式微。筆者認為，隨著金文考釋工作的加深、神話學領域的拓展，與語法理論之完善，《儀禮》職官研究當有進一步論述的空間。本文即以《儀禮》〈士喪禮〉、〈既夕禮〉中的「甸人」為主要討論對象，借助省文語境試還原經文「文例」之同時，分別就上述三個面向各自開展論述。在「甸人」具體身分的定義上，統整鄭、賈二家注疏與金文「佃人」研究成果，初步得出〈士喪〉「甸人」當屬「徒」之結論；而在「甸人」文本稱謂的存在上，亦借由歸納甸人職能與任務可知，其更應象徵「地母神」之崇拜信仰；至於〈士喪〉其餘「職官」，則可據爬梳經文釐清其與「甸人」身分之共性。要之，本文在發明《儀禮》職官學特性的同時，亦期能為禮學領域提供新的研究視角。

This article investigates the official known as Dianren (甸人) in the Yili (Book of Etiquette and Ceremonial), with particular emphasis on its role in the“Shi Sang Li”(士喪禮) and“Ji Xi Li”(既夕禮) chapters. Previous scholarship on the Yili has devoted comparatively limited attention to its official offices and administrative personnel. The author argues that recent progress in the interpretation of bronze inscriptions (Jinwen), the development of mythological studies, and advances in grammatical analysis provide new perspectives from which the office of Dianren may be reinterpreted. This paper draws three main conclusions: firstly, the Dianren mentioned in the Shi Sang Li should be identified as a member of the tu (徒). Secondly, the reason for the existence of the textual title of“Dianren”should be related to the worship of the“goddess of Earth”. Last but not the least, the remaining officials of the Shi Funeral seem to show the same temporary and low status as that of the“Dianren”.In conclusion, this paper aims to provide a new research direction for the field of ritual studies while characterizing the officialdom of the Rituals.