試探蔣經國在戰後國民黨威權統治中的角色──以《蔣主席經國批簽檔案》為例

Unveiling Chiang Ching-kuo’s Role in the Post-War KMT Authoritarian Rule through his Signed and Approved Files

蔣中正因國共內戰失利敗退來臺後，透過改造國民黨來強化自己的黨內領導權，並在臺灣實施威權統治。在其安排下，其子蔣經國先後接管了政治行動委員會、總統府機要室資料組、國家安全局等情治系統，成為臺灣所有情治單位（特務機關）的總負責人。而在國民黨確立「以黨領政」、「以黨領軍」的國家體制下，身為黨內最高領導人的蔣中正、蔣經國，他們所做出的公文批示即是還原國家政策形塑過程中的重要史料。因此，本文以目前較少學者使用的《蔣經國主席批簽檔案》為例，探討他主政下利用國安、情治系統對社會的監控及對民主的壓制，嘗試還原他在戰後的威權統治時期的扮演角色。

After his defeat in the Chinese Civil War and the retreat to Taiwan, Chiang Kai-shek strengthened his party leadership by reforming the Chinese Nationalist Party (KMT) and implemented authoritarian rule in Taiwan. Under Chiang Kai-shek’s arrangement, his son Chiang Ching-kuo took over various intelligence and security agencies, including the Political Action Committee, Documents Section of the Presidential Office’s Department of Special Affairs, and the National Security Bureau, becoming the head of all intelligence and security units in Taiwan. Under the KMT’s political system of“party-led governance”and“party-led military”, the files signed and approved by Chiang Kai-shek and Chiang Ching-kuo, the supreme leaders of the ruling party, are essential historical materials that revealed the process of shaping national policies. Therefore, this paper focuses on the files signed and approved by Chiang Ching-kuo that are currently used by fewer scholars, to explore how the state security and intelligence systems were utilized for societal surveillance and the suppression of democracy under his rule, as well as attempt to reconstruct his role under the authoritarian rule in the postwar era.