負碳技術之知識結構與發展軌跡：階層式與多視角分析

Knowledge Structure and Trajectory of Negative Emission Technologies: A Hierarchical and Multi Perspective Analysis

在淨零排放與全球氣候治理日益受到重視的背景下，負碳技術（negative emission technologies，NETs）已成為支持長期減碳與碳移除策略的重要新興技術領域。然而，既有研究多聚焦於個別技術路徑或特定應用議題，對於負碳技術整體知識結構、發展軌跡與研究社群配置之系統性理解仍相對不足。為回應此研究缺口，本研究運用資訊計量分析方法，建構結合知識視角與社會結構視角之階層式分析架構，從巨觀、中觀與微觀三個層次，探討負碳技術領域之知識演化及其研究網絡配置。研究資料取自Web of Science Core Collection環境科學類別中2023年以前與“carbon capture，”“carbon utilization，”及“carbon storage”相關之學術論文，共計1，957篇。研究方法包括文獻分析、主題分群分析、關鍵詞共現分析、主路徑分析，以及作者、機構與國家層次之研究社群與合作網絡分析。
本研究結果顯示，負碳技術研究自2016年後明顯成長，反映國際氣候治理議程與淨零排放目標對相關研究發展之推動作用。在知識發展方面，研究焦點已由早期較偏向社會論述、公共關切與氣候回應之討論，逐步轉向碳捕捉、碳封存、生質應用與藍碳等更具技術導向與應用意涵的研究主題，顯示該領域正由概念倡議階段朝向技術深化與多元化發展。在研究社群方面，負碳技術已形成若干具代表性之國際研究網絡，其中美國研究機構展現較高影響力，特別是University of Florida與Carnegie Mellon University在知識生產、學術影響與合作網絡中扮演關鍵角色。整體而言，本研究不僅揭示負碳技術之知識結構與發展軌跡，亦說明研究社群配置如何形塑技術知識之累積、擴散與演化。本研究結果可作為新興科技發展分析、研發資源配置、跨域合作規劃與氣候科技政策制定之參考。

This study employs informetric and network-based methods to examine the knowledge structure, developmental trajectory, and research-community configuration of negative emission technologies (NETs). To construct a systematic and comparable dataset, this study retrieved bibliographic records from the Web of Science Core Collection, focusing on articles indexed in the Environmental Sciences category and published up to 2022. The search strategy included records whose titles or author keywords contained“carbon capture,”“carbon utilization,”or“carbon storage.”After excluding review articles, conference papers, and publications from the incomplete 2023 indexing year, the final dataset consisted of 1,957 journal articles. Methodologically, the study adopts a hierarchical and multi-perspective analytical framework that integrates macro-, meso-, and micro-level analyses. The analytical procedures include publication trend analysis, thematic clustering, keyword co-occurrence analysis, citation main path analysis, and co-authorship and affiliation-based network analysis at the levels of authors, institutions, and countries.
The findings show that NET research expanded markedly after 2016, indicating the growing influence of international climate governance and net-zero policy agendas on scholarly knowledge production. At the knowledge level, the field has shifted from broader discussions of climate response, public concern, and societal implications toward more technically specific and application-oriented themes, including carbon capture, carbon storage, biomass utilization, bioenergy-related removal, and blue carbon. Carbon capture remains a foundational theme, while the increasing visibility of biomass and ecosystem-based sequestration suggests that NET research is moving beyond an engineering-centered paradigm toward a more diversified socio-technical knowledge structure. At the social-structural level, the analysis identifies several major international research communities and shows that the United States, China, and the United Kingdom occupy prominent positions in NET knowledge production. In particular, the University of Florida and Carnegie Mellon University emerge as influential institutions within the collaboration network. The results further indicate that repeated intra-institutional collaboration among high-impact scholars contributes to knowledge consolidation, although it may also limit broader cross-institutional and interdisciplinary diffusion. Overall, this study demonstrates that NET development is shaped not only by technological specialization, but also by the institutional and collaborative structures through which scientific knowledge is produced, circulated, and stabilized. The findings provide implications for emerging technology analysis, research portfolio planning, international collaboration, and climate-technology policy formulation.