影響臺灣非營利組織與地方政府協力意願的關鍵因素

Key Factors Influencing the Willingness of Non-Profit Organizations to Collaborate with Local Governments

1970年代起，各國政府面臨日益嚴重的財政赤字與民主化浪潮，推動「新公共管理」（New Public Management，NPM）的發展。政府逐漸重視引入民間資源，以因應有限資源與日益複雜的社會挑戰。在此背景下，公私協力夥伴關係（Public-Private Partnership，PPP）成為重要策略，非營利組織（Nonprofit Organization，NPO）因具備專業性與公益性，逐漸成為政府偏好的協力對象。
儘管國內已有若干關於NPO與政府協力的研究，針對影響NPO與地方政府協力意願的探討仍顯不足。過去文獻多從NPO與地方政府「如何協力」與「協力成效」的角度切入，而對「為何要協力」的動機與意願分析仍付之闕如。加上多數研究偏重中央層級，對資源相對有限、實際需求更高的地方政府協力情境著墨甚少，研究視野仍顯侷限。
本研究採次級資料分析法，結合來自不同地區與類型NPO的問卷資料，運用統計模型驗證影響協力意願的關鍵因素。研究結果顯示，協力制度的完善程度、行為者間的互動關係，以及決策層面的阻礙，均會顯著影響NPO與地方政府的協力意願。期望本研究能為地方政府改善協力環境與提升NPO參與意願提供實務參考，進而更有效運用民間資源，共同回應公共服務需求。

Since the 1970s, governments worldwide have faced growing fiscal deficits and waves of democratization, catalyzing the rise of New Public Management (NPM). In response to limited public resources and increasingly complex social challenges, governments began to emphasize the incorporation of private and nonprofit sector resources. Within this context, Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) emerged as a key governance strategy, and nonprofit organizations (NPOs), due to their professional expertise and commitment to public welfare, gradually became preferred partners in collaborative governance.
Although several domestic studies have explored NPO–government collaboration, research specifically addressing the factors that influence NPOs' willingness to cooperate with local governments remains limited. Existing literature tends to focus on the quality and competitiveness of public services or the mechanisms by which governments and NPOs jointly promote social services, while offering limited insight into the motivational and attitudinal foundations of NPOs’collaborative willingness. Moreover, most studies emphasize the central government level, leaving the context of local governments—where resources are scarcer and needs more pressing—relatively underexplored.
This study adopts a secondary data analysis approach, integrating survey data from NPOs of various regions and types. Through statistical modeling, it identifies key factors influencing collaborative willingness. Findings suggest that the degree of institutional support for collaboration, the quality of inter-organizational interactions, and barriers at the decision-making level significantly affect the willingness of NPOs to engage with local governments. It is hoped that this study can provide practical insights for local governments to improve the collaborative environment and enhance NPO participation, thereby enabling a more effective mobilization of private resources to meet public service demands.