淪陷政治：北平地方維持會的實際運作與內部關係

Politics of Occupation: The Operations and Internal Dynamics of the Beiping Security Maintenance Committee

北平地方維持會是「七七事變」後日軍扶植的首個淪陷區政權，具有重要且特殊的意義。本文以北平地方維持會祕書長、北平市社會局長李景銘的日記為線索，結合中日檔案及相關史料，從「行政技術」與「權力關係」的視角出發，探討北平地方維持會的組建經過，以及行政運作中的複雜內情與權力糾葛。可以發現，侵略戰爭、種族對立、政治派系和個人利益等多重因素，共同塑造了維持會內畸形的權力關係，它損害了維持會運作的公正與效率，但也影響了日軍意志的貫徹，同時也在一定程度上為民生喘息提供了可能。對維持會內「行政技術」運作結果的失望，使得部分中方人士對日心態由「親日」轉為「厭日」，這揭示出「合作者」思想和心態起伏變化的新動因。

Following the outbreak of the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, the Beiping Security Maintenance Committee北平地方維持會became the first regime backed by the Japanese military. Anchored in the diaries of Secretary-General Li Jingming李景銘(1877–1950) of the Committee, who also served as director of the Beiping Bureau of Social Affairs北平市社會局, this article, from the perspectives of administrative operations and power dynamics, integrates Sino-Japanese archival and relevant historical materials to investigate the Committee’s formation, its ties with municipal administration, and its handling of personnel, market trade, public security, and judicial affairs, ultimately uncovering the complex realities of politics under occupation. It can be observed that a combination of factors, namely war, ethnic and racial tensions, political factionalism, and personal interests, contributed to the unbalanced power dynamics within the Committee, which undermined the fairness and efficiency of Committee operations, obstructed Japanese military directives, and provided the civilian population with a certain respite. Disillusionment with the results of said operations caused some Chinese figures to shift their stance from“pro-Japanese”to“anti-Japanese,”revealing new factors driving the shifts in the mindset and attitudes of“collaborators.”