工程安全設計及管理制度之國際發展趨勢

International Trends in Construction Safety Design and Management

推動工程安全設計及管理制度是國際營造業職業安全衛生的重要減災策略，雖然各國的制度有其特色，但總體而言具有共同的架構及機制。本研究蒐集英國《工程設計及管理規則》（Construction（Design and Management）Regulations 2015，簡稱英國CDM 2015規則）、新加坡《工作場所安全衛生安全設計規則》（Workplace Safety and Health（Design for Safety）Regulations 2015，簡稱新加坡WSH（DfS）2015規則）、馬來西亞《職業安全衛生營造工程設計及管理規則》（Occupational Safety and Health（Construction Work）（Design and Management）Regulations 2024，簡稱馬來西亞CDM 2024規則）、日本的《建設工程從事者安全衛生促進法》（建設工事事者の安全及び健康の確保の推進に関する法律）、韓國的《職業安全衛生法》（산업안전보건법）第67條，以探討及分析各國工程安全設計及管理制度的特色，並從法系、適用範圍、法規體系、罰則等，分析其差異性及共同點。根據主要國家之經驗及作法，可歸納出工程安全設計及管理制度大多以工程生命週期為架構，包括規劃、設計、施工規劃、施工等階段，並具有共同趨勢包括：適用一定規模以上、具有安全採購機制、實施階段成果審查機制、指定統合管理者、發展風險評估輔助工具等。最後，本研究將主要國家的經驗及作法，結合我國工程管理模式及職業安全衛生管理規定，歸納成適用於我國的工程安全設計及管理制度架構，並將其與《加強公共工程職業安全衛生管理作業要點》、優良工程金安獎評審項目進行對照，針對分析內容提出修改建議。

Promoting construction safety design and management framework is an important occupational safety and health strategy in the international construction industry. Although each country has its own distinctive framework, these frameworks generally share common structures and mechanisms. This study collects and analyzes major regulatory frameworks, including the United Kingdom’s CDM 2015, Singapore’s WSH (DfS) 2015, Malaysia’s CDM 2024, Japan’s Act on the Promotion of Ensuring Safety and Health of Workers Engaged in Construction Work, and South Korea’s Article 67 of Occupational Safety and Health Act. The study explores the characteristics of each framework in terms of legal regulation, scope of application, regulatory structure, and penalty provisions, identifying both their differences and commonalities. Based on the experiences and practices of these major countries, it can be summarized that construction safety design and management frameworks are generally structured around the life cycle, encompassing the stages of planning, design, construction planning, and construction. Common trends include applicability to projects above a certain scale, establishment of safety procurement mechanisms, implementation of stage reviews, appointment of coordinated contractor, and the development of risk assessment support tools. Finally, this study integrates the practices of major countries with Taiwan’s construction management models and occupational safety and health regulations to propose a localized framework for construction safety design and management framework. The proposed framework is compared against the Key Points for Strengthening Occupational Safety and Health Management in Public Construction Projects and the Public Construction Golden Safety Award evaluation criteria, with recommendations provided for further revisions and improvements.