南宋使金行記的內容與書寫──以金國人物紀錄為中心的考察

Jin Dynasty Figures in Song Diplomatic Itineraries

紹興和議後，宋金已有交聘制度，雙方每年均會派遣使者前往對方國家。回國後，宋使均向朝廷呈交報告說明行程中的活動與見聞，另有部分使團成員也會留下私人紀錄。包括官方報告與私人撰述，這些記載出使見聞的書寫即是「使金行記」。本文將針對〈使金賀生辰還復命表〉、《北行日錄》、《攬轡錄》、《北轅錄》、《使金錄》等5部紹興和議後的使金行記，整理其中的金人描述，比對所記金人的身分，說明其紀錄原則，並分析各部行記的異同與特色。本文指出，現存的使金行記記載以沿途見聞為主，能與宋使有所互動的金人都在金朝規劃的活動範圍中。此後，基於作者的使團任務、行記的性質、出使時的政治局勢，每部行記擁有不同的觀察結果。5部行記中，〈使金賀生辰還復命表〉全記兩國官員互動，《攬轡錄》則有超越一般使臣的金朝高層人事消息的收集成果。由於《北行日錄》、《攬轡錄》、《北轅錄》、《使金錄》多記與金國百姓的互動，5部中有4部的內容以來自民間的消息為主，整體而言，現存的使金行記具有以民間消息為主要紀錄內容的特色。

Following the Treaty of Shaoxing, the Song and Jin courts established a regular system of diplomatic exchanges, sending envoys annually. Upon returning, Song envoys submitted official reports to the imperial court, while some members of the missions also composed private accounts. These writings, collectively known as diplomatic itineraries (shi Jin xingji), record observations made during these missions.
This study examines five itineraries produced after the treaty—Shijin he shengchen huan fuming biao, Beixing rilu, Lanpei lu, Beiyuan lu, and Shijin lu—with a focus on their representations of Jin individuals. It compares the identities of the persons recorded, analyzes the principles governing their inclusion, and highlights both shared features and distinctive characteristics across the texts.
The analysis shows that extant itineraries are largely structured around travel observations and that interactions with Jin subjects generally occurred within officially arranged settings. Variations among the texts reflect differences in the authors’roles within their missions, the nature of the documents, and the political context at the time of travel. Notably, four of the five itineraries draw heavily on information derived from common people, suggesting that popular-level knowledge constitutes a central feature of these sources. This study provides a foundation for further research into the informational value of diplomatic itineraries and their use in reconstructing Song–Jin relations.