刑事證據法功能的反思與重構──基於“法的空間”視角的分析

刑事司法改革的深入與刑事訴訟法律規範的增加，已經在“生活空間”之外構建了一個刑事程序的“法的空間”。“法的空間”與“生活空間”既有聯繫，又存在差異。在我國長期的立法和實踐中，刑事證據法的功能主要被定位為發現案件真相，這一認識主要基於“生活空間”而產生，更關注“生活空間”與“法的空間”的同構性。隨著“法的空間”與“生活空間”的分離，刑事證據法的功能從發現真相邁向了求真與求善並重。在我國刑事程序法治進一步發展的背景下，還應當探索刑事證據法功能的層級構建：首先是規範證據行為，促進案件事實準確認定的認知功能；其次是規範事實認定，為刑事裁判提供正當性的證成功能；最後是有效溝通“法的空間”與“生活空間”，提升司法信任的治理功能。

With the deepening of criminal justice reform and the expansion of legal norms governing criminal procedure, a“space of law”of criminal procedure has been constructed outside the“space of life”. and the“space of life”are interconnected yet distinct. In China's long-standing legislative and practical experience, the function of the law of criminal evidence has primarily been positioned as the discovery of the truth of a case. This understanding has largely arisen from the perspective of the“space of life,”With the separation of the“space of law”and the“space of life”, the function of the law of criminal evidence has evolved from the mere discovery of truth toward a dual orientation that gives equal weight to the pursuit of truth and the pursuit of other important values. In the context of the further advancement of the rule of law in China's criminal procedure, it is necessary to explore a hierarchical construction of the functions of the law of criminal evidence: first, the cognitive function of regulating evidentiary conduct and facilitating the accurate determination of case facts; second, the justificatory function of regulating fact-finding so as to provide legitimacy for criminal adjudication; and finally, the governance function of effectively communicating between the“space of law”and the“space of life,”thereby enhancing public trust in the judiciary.