平臺用工勞動者權益保護立法模式的比較與選擇

近年來，對平臺用工進行立法已成為國際潮流。各國和地區基於平臺用工面臨的挑戰和立法目標以及勞動法的傳統等，對平臺用工採取了不同的立法模式。根據主要規制工具和立法重點，可將域外平臺用工的典型立法模式概括為“雇員身份推定+算法規制模式”“勞動基準模式”“社會保障模式”以及“綜合立法模式”。我國平臺用工立法宜採取“綜合立法模式”，既應保障平臺勞動者的基本權益，也應適當維持平臺用工的靈活性，避免簡單套用傳統的雇員和自雇者保護規則。在立法思路上，應堅持分類分層保護的原則，全面規定平臺勞動者的各項權益，科學設置平臺勞動者的基本勞動基準，對勞動法的一般規則進行適當調適，明確平臺企業和平臺合作企業的責任分擔。通過平臺用工立法可創新勞動法的理論，使勞動法適應數字時代勞動用工形式變化的新需求，推動我國勞動法學自主知識體系的建構。

In recent years, legislation on platform work has become an international trend. Different countries and regions have adopted varied legislative models for platform work based on the challenges faced, regulatory objectives, and the traditions of labor law. According to the primary regulatory tools and legislative focus, typical legislative models for platform work abroad can be summarized as the“model of presumption of employment relationship and algorithmic regulation”, the“labor standards model”, the“social security model'', and the“model of comprehensive legislation”. China should adopt the“model of comprehensive legislation”. Platform work legislation should not only safeguard the basic rights of platform workers but also appropriately maintain the flexibility of platform work, avoiding the simplistic application of traditional protections for employees and self-employed individuals. In terms of legislative approach, the principle of classified and tiered protection should be upheld, systematically and comprehensively stipulating the rights of platform workers, scientifically setting basic labor standards for platform workers, appropriately adapting general labor law rules, and clarifying the liabilities between platform companies and the third cooperative parties. Legislation on platform work will help to develop the theory of labor law, enabling it to better respond to the evolving forms of employment in the digital age and promote the construction of an autonomous knowledge system of China's labor law.