建構友善救助環境之法律基礎——我國緊急醫療救護法的比較與修法建議

On the study of the Emergency Medical Service Act-Take American and China as examples

好撒瑪利亞人法立法之前，依我國現行法律規定，見人路倒而施救，民法上的意義是「適法的無因管理」，所謂無因管理，依民法第172條規定是「未受委任，並無義務，而為他人管理事務者」者。意思就是說在無因管理時，即使有民法緊急避難之情況，其危險之發生，如行為人有責任者，應負損害賠償之責，惟其過失之責任，依事件之特性而有輕重，如其事件非予債務人以利益者，應從輕酌定。
醫療救護法第14之2條第2項復規定:「救護人員於非值勤期間，前項規定亦適用之。」變成是值勤期間的醫師、護理人員、救護技術員，為免除他人生命之急迫危險，使用緊急救護設備或施予急救措施者，仍不適用民法、刑法緊急避難免責之規定，也就是說必須下班非值勤期間，醫師等為免除他人生命之急迫危險，使用緊急救護設備或施予急救措施者，才能適用民法、刑法緊急避難免責之規定。可見在緊急醫療法修法增訂好撒瑪利亞人法之前，即使是下班非值勤期間，醫師為免除他人生命之急迫危險，使用緊急救護設備或施予急救措施者，並不適用民法、刑法緊急避難免責之規定。
另外就是緊急醫療救護法條文通過之後，對急診處的急診專科醫師反而更加不利，因他們在免除他人生命之急迫危險，使用緊急救護設備或施予急救措施者，本文藉以該法來介紹各國適用以及提供我國相關法規建議。

Before the legislation of the Samaritan law, according to the current legal provisions of our country, the meaning of the civil law is 'the non-cause management of the applicable law', the so-called non-cause management, according to the Article 172 of the civil Law is 'not appointed, and there is no obligation, and for others to manage the business'. It means that in the absence of management, even if there is a case of emergency asylum in civil law, its danger occurs, if the perpetrator is responsible, should be liable for damages, but the responsibility of fault, according to the characteristics of the event and the weight, if its event is not to the debtor's interests, should be lightly discretionary. Article14-2, 2nd section of the Medical Ambulance Act, provides that 'the preceding provisions shall also apply to ambulance personnel during their non-duty duties.' 'Become a physician, paramedic, ambulance technician during duty, in order to relieve the imminent danger of the life of others, the use of emergency rescue equipment or the application of first aid measures, still do not apply the civil law, criminal law Emergency asylum exemption provisions, that is, must be off duty, physicians and so on to avoid the urgent danger of the life of others, The provision of emergency asylum exemption under civil law and criminal law can only be applied to those who use emergency ambulance equipment or apply first aid measures. It can be seen that prior to the updating of the Samaritan law by the emergency medical law, even during off-duty duty, the use of emergency ambulance equipment or emergency asylum exemption provisions by physicians in order to relieve the imminent danger of the life of others is not applicable. In addition, after the passage of this provision of the emergency medical law, emergency specialists in the emergency department are more disadvantaged, because they are free from the imminent danger of the lives of others, the use of emergency equipment or the application of first aid measures, this article uses the law to introduce the application of countries and provide the relevant regulatory recommendations.